<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-7202</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios Económicos (México, D.F.)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. Econ. (México, D.F.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-7202</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-72022025000100104</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24201/ee.v40i1.e462</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Classical demands and informal supplies: two key missing pieces of Mexico&#8217;s growth puzzle]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Demandas clásicas y ofertas informales:´ dos piezas clave ausentes en el rompecabezas del crecimiento de México]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ize]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alain]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Columbia University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-72022025000100104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-72022025000100104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-72022025000100104&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Why did Mexico&#8217;s growth declined so much after the economy opened up? And why so little growth despite so many exports? The narratives proposed to explain these puzzles miss two key pieces: classical demands and informal supplies. To grow faster, the country needs to focus not just on its export supply capacity but also on its capacity to grow domestically and enhance productivity by pulling in informal labor. In a globalized world, this requires developing export niches that generate sufficient domestic value and producing goods and services that are more innovative, more attractive and with more dynamic demands.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: ¿Por qué se redujo tanto el crecimiento de México después de la apertura comercial? Y por qué es tan limitado crecimiento a pesar de tantas exportaciones? A las narrativas ofrecidas para explicar estos enigmas les hacen falta dos componentes claves: demandas clásicas y ofertas informales. Para crecer más rápido, el país necesita concentrarse no solo sobre su capacidad exportadora, sino también sobre su capacidad para crecer domésticamente y mejorar su productividad al incorporar el trabajo informal. En un mundo globalizado, esto requiere desarrollar nichos de mercado que generen suficiente valor doméstico, así como producir bienes y servicios más innovadores, más atractivos y con demandas más dinámicas.]]></p></abstract>
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