<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0186-0348</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Secuencia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Secuencia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0186-0348</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigaciones Dr. José María Luis Mora]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0186-03482025000200105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18234/secuencia.v0i122.2357</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Un acercamiento a la cuestión racial en Cuba desde la colonia hasta la revolución]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[An Approach to the Racial Issue in Cuba from the Colonial Era to the Revolution]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izquierdo Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ernesto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Especializado de Estudios Superiores Loyola (IEESL),  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Cristóbal ]]></addr-line>
<country>República Dominicana</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>122</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0186-03482025000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0186-03482025000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0186-03482025000200105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La cuestión racial en Cuba y la discriminación asociada a esta, han sido una constante desde el periodo colonial, cuando el sistema esclavista legitimó prácticas excluyentes. A lo largo de la historia, diversos periodos estuvieron marcados por esfuerzos reivindicativos para dignificar a todos los sectores de la sociedad. Aunque la revolución de 1959 prometió igualdad y mejoró la situación del sector afrodescendiente históricamente excluido en la isla, las dinámicas raciales y prácticas discriminatorias persisten. Este estudio examina la evolución histórica de la discriminación racial en la mayor de las Antillas. A partir de la recopilación de datos mediante la revisión bibliográfica y la observación participante, propone enfoques renovados basados en el análisis de contenido desde lo exploratorio y lo hermenéutico. Los hallazgos revelan cómo las dinámicas raciales han sido moldeadas por los diferentes contextos, pero sugieren puntos de vista renovados para su mejor tratamiento.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The racial issue in Cuba and the discrimination associated with them have persisted since the colonial era, when the slave system legitimized exclusionary practices. Throughout history, various periods have been marked by efforts to dignify all sectors of society. Although the 1959 Revolution promised equality and improved the status of the historically excluded Afro-descendant population on the island, racial dynamics and discriminatory practices continue to persist. This study examines the historical evolution of racial discrimination in the largest island of the Greater Antilles. Based on data collected through bibliographic review and participant observation, the author proposes new approaches grounded in content analysis from an exploratory and hermeneutic perspective. The findings reveal how racial dynamics have been shaped by different historical contexts and offer fresh insights for addressing these issues more effectively.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[discriminación racial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[racismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inequality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[racial discrimination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[racism]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[(Segundo Round). Desde mi balcón: 7 Párrafos de memoria contra la pandemia del olvido]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AfroCubalgbtiq]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
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</back>
</article>
