<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092026000100001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/r.mex.fit.2406-5</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Patogenicidad, agresividad y carga de inóculo inducidos por dos haplotipos-ITS de Neopestalotiopsis rosae, aislados de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa) y zarzamora (Rubus sp.)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pathogenicity, aggressivity, and inoculum load induced by two ITS-haplotypes of Neopestalotiopsis rosae, isolated from strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) and blackberry (Rubus sp.)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montes-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Citlalmina Erandy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora-Aguilera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales-Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acevedo-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Zárate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Edo. Méx]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Chapingo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Edo. Méx.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,CP-LANREF  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Agrícola LOINARA  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Michoacán]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>44</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092026000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Antecedentes/Objetivo . En fresa (Fragaria x ananassa), principal frutilla-rosácea en México, se reportó recientemente en Michoacán la ocurrencia de Neopestalotiopsis rosae (Ascomycota: Sporocadaceae). El objetivo fue analizar, con un enfoque etiológico-epidemiológico, la implicación de dos haplotipos-ITS de N. rosae, asociados a cinco aislados de fresa y zarzamora (Rubus sp.) seleccionados por prevalencia regional, en la patogénesis, agresividad y carga de inóculo en fresa cv. San Andreas.  Materiales y Métodos. Tres aislados del Haplotipo 1 / Fresa (H1): F142P40S, F6P35R, F17P34R, y dos del Haplotipo 2 (H2) / Zarzamora: F142D93R y Z13P27R se cultivaron en V8 / 25° / 14 d hasta conidiomas, y en PDA / 25° / 7 d para obtención de inóculo líquido y sólido, respectivamente. Por aislado se evaluaron ochos plantas de fresa cv. San Andreas de tres meses de edad; se inocularon dos hojas trifoliadas / 4 plantas con 4 mL aspersión 1 x 106 conidios mL-1, y 4 plantas con bloques de micelio 5 x 5 mm por herida en corona. En 8 plantas testigo se asperjó agua estéril. Las plantas se mantuvieron en invernadero semicubierto. A partir de 72 hdi, cada 3 d / 3 meses se midió: Número de lesiones (NL), Diámetro de lesión (DL), Núm. Lesiones esporulantes (LE), Altura planta, Diámetro de corona, y Unidades clorofila SPAD 502 (UC). Por Haplotipo se estimó el  Periodo de Incubación (Pi) ,  Periodo de Latencia (Pl) , y  Periodo de Generación (Pg) . Cada 30 min se registró T° y HR con HOBO U23. La patogenicidad de validó con postulados de Koch. Los reaislados H1 y H2 se confirmaron culturalmente y por ITS1/ITS4. ANOVA, en Parcelas Divididas, y Tukey (p = 0.05) se ejecutó en RStudio.  Resultados. Los cinco aislados de N. rosae fueron más infectivos en hoja (p = 0.0001), pero exhibieron agresividad variable y significativa (p = 0.0001) en NL, LE, y DL, con expresión de lesiones foliares circulares de color café claro, borde oscuro y halo rojizo en haz y envés. Aislados de H1 fueron más patogénicos respecto a H2 (p.e. 3504 vs 270 NL / planta), siendo H1 - F142P40S más agresivo (p = 0.05), con promedio de NL = 187.5 y LE = 8.45 a 2 y 26 días después de la inoculación (ddi), respectivamente. En contraste, H2 - F142D93R y H2 - Z13P27R tuvieron NL = 20 y 25 a 87 y 95 ddi, respectivamente, con máximo rango promedio de 0.19 - 0.37 LE &gt; 73 ddi. Análogamente, en corona todos los aislamientos fueron patogénicos, pero con menor agresividad y sin diferencia estadística. Se presentó coloración rojiza - oscura y pudrición necrótica interna en corona y menor densidad de raíz. Sobresalió H1 - F17P34R con máximo NL = 20 y LE &lt; 0.1 a 85 ddi. En hoja, la velocidad de expresión sintomática y tasa de esporulación, aunque variable, fue mayor en aislados H1 vs H2, determinados, respectivamente, por 2 vs 4 ddi  Pi , 14 -16 (3 d) vs 33 - 40 (7 d) ddi  Pl , y 14 - 73 (59 d) vs 33 - 56 (23 d) ddi Pg. La infección en corona fue más lenta con 28 d  Pi con ambos haplotipos. La agresividad contrastante entre aislados no tuvo efecto significativo en altura - planta y diámetro - corona, pero sí en reducción de UC con máximo de 14.5 en H1 - F142P40S respecto al testigo. ITS de 33 reaislados permitieron confirmar la patogenicidad de H1 y H2.  Conclusión. A través de NL, LE, UC,  Pi ,  Pl , y  Pg , significativamente contratantes, se demostró la variabilidad patogénica de dos haplotipos-ITS de N. rosae prevalentes en Michoacán obtenidos de fresa y zarzamora. Se aborda una novel comprensión mecanística de la patogénesis, y se reporta por primera vez a N. rosae asociado a zarzamora con capacidad patogénica en fresa, pero con menor agresividad. Un manejo regional sostenible debe considerar la capacidad variable del hongo y la interacción con otros patógenos con capacidad vascular.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Background/Objective . In strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa), the main commercial rosaceous fruit in Mexico, the occurrence of Neopestalotiopsis rosae (Ascomycota: Sporocadaceae) was recently reported in Michoacán. The objective was to analyze, using an etiological-epidemiological approach, the implication of two N. rosae ITS-haplotypes, associated to five isolates from strawberry and blackberry (Rubus sp.) selected for regional prevalence, in the pathogenesis, aggressivity, and inoculum load in strawberry cv. San Andreas.  Materials and Methods. Three isolates of Haplotype 1 / Strawberry (H1): F142P40S, F6P35R, F17P34R, and two of Haplotype 2 (H2) / Blackberry: F142D93R and Z13P27R were cultured in V8 / 25° / 14 d until conidiomata formation, and in PDA / 25° / 7 d to obtain liquid and solid inoculum, respectively. Eight three- month-old strawberry plants cv. San Andreas were evaluated per isolate; two trifoliate leaves / 4 plants were inoculated with 4 mL spray 1 x 106 conidia mL-1, and 4 plants with 5 x 5 mm mycelium PDA-blocks per crown wound. Sterile water was sprayed on 8 control plants. Plants were kept in a semi-covered greenhouse. Starting at 72 hai, every 3 d / 3 months, the following variables were measured: Number of lesions (LN), Lesion diameter (LD), Number of sporulating lesions (EL), Plant height, Crown diameter, and Chlorophyll units SPAD 502 (CU). The  incubation period (Pi) ,  latency period (Pl) , and  generation period (Pg) were estimated for each haplotype. Temperature and RH were recorded every 30 min with HOBO U23. Pathogenicity was validated using Koch's postulates. Isolates H1 and H2 were confirmed culturally by ITS1 / ITS4. ANOVA, in split plots design, and Tukey (p = 0.05) were conducted in RStudio.  Results. The five isolates of N. rosae were more infectious on leaves (p = 0.0001) but exhibited variable and significant aggressivity (p = 0.0001) on LN, EL, and LD, with expression of circular leaf lesions, light brown color, dark edge, and reddish halo on the upper and lower surface. H1 isolates were more pathogenic than H2 (e.g., 3504 vs. 270 LN / plant), with H1 - F142P40S being more aggressive (p = 0.05), with an average LN = 187.5 and EL = 8.45 at 2 and 26 days after inoculation (dai), respectively. In contrast, H2 - F142D93R and H2 - Z13P27R had LN = 20 and 25 at 87 and 95 dai, respectively, with a maximum average range of 0.19 - 0.37 EL &gt; 73 dai. Similarly, in crown, all isolates were pathogenic, but with less aggressivity and no statistical difference. A reddish-dark discoloration and internal necrotic rot was observed in crown and low root density. H1 - F17P34R was conspicuous with a maximum NL = 20 and LE &lt; 0.1 at 85 dai. In leaf, the speed of symptoms expression and sporulation rate, although variable, was higher in isolates H1 vs. H2, determined, respectively, by 2 vs. 4 dai  Pi , 14 - 16 (3 d) vs. 33 - 40 (7 d) dai  Pl , and 14 - 73 (59 d) vs. 33 - 56 (23 d) dai  Pg . The crown infection was slower with 28 d  Pi in both haplotypes. Contrasting aggressivity among isolates had no significant effect on plant height and crown diameter, but did have an effect on CU reduction, with a maximum of 14.5 in H1 - F142P40S compared to control. ITS of 33 isolates confirmed the H1 and H2 pathogenicity.  Conclusion. Through significantly contrasting LN, EL, CU,  Pi ,  Pl , and  Pg , it was demonstrated the pathogenic variability of two N. rosae ITS-haplotypes, prevalent in Michoacán, obtained from strawberries and blackberries commercial cultivars. A novel mechanistic understanding of pathogenesis was addressed. It is reported for the first time that N. rosae isolates, associated with blackberries, were pathogenic to strawberries but with less aggressivity. Sustainable regional management must consider the variable capacity of the fungus and its interaction with other pathogens with vascular capacity.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Berries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Unidades Clorofila]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Periodo de incubación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Periodo de latencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fisiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Berries]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chlorophyll Units]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Incubation Period]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latent Period]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Physiology]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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