<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-3309</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de fitopatología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fitopatol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-3309</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Fitopatología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-33092020000200269</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18781/r.mex.fit.2001-6</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aislamiento e identificación de patógenos causantes de la pudrición del tallo de la higuera (Ficus carica)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Isolation and identification of pathogens causing stem rot of the fig tree (Ficus carica)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jahén-Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sheyla Natali]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Olga]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-Victoria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colegio de Postgraduados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Texcoco Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>269</fpage>
<lpage>279</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-33092020000200269&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-33092020000200269&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-33092020000200269&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen. En México, el sistema de producción intensivo de higo (Ficus carica) var. &#8220;Nezahualcoyotl&#8221; requiere de densidades de 12,500 plantas ha-1 para rendimientos superiores a 100 t ha-1. La propagación asexual de esta variedad mediante estacas no está exenta de enfermedades. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar los agentes causales de la pudrición de estacas de la variedad &#8220;Nezahualcoyotl&#8221; y generar la correspondiente escala de severidad. La patogenicidad de los aislamientos se corroboró a través de los postulados de Koch. La secuenciación de las regiones ITS1-ITS4 indicó que los aislamientos estuvieron altamente emparentados con Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata y Pythium ultimum. Se reporta por primera vez una escala de severidad con cinco niveles de daño inducidos por F. solani y A. alternata y tres por P. ultimum. La inoculación por separado con F. solani y A. alternata promovió el 100% de daño de la corteza entre los 21-25 días después de la inoculación (DDI). La coinoculación de los tres patógenos indujo más tempranamente (entre los 11-13 DDI) la necrosis de la epidermis (85%) y de la corteza (80%). La escala de severidad será un valioso auxilio en la cuantificación y seguimiento de la pudrición del tallo de la higuera.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract. In Mexico, the intensive production system of fig (Ficus carica) var. &#8220;Nezahualcoyotl&#8221; requires densities of 12,500 plants ha-1 for yields greater than 100 t ha-1. The asexual propagation of the fig through cuttlings in the nursery is not exempt from diseases. The objective of this investigation was to identify the causal agents of the rot of cuttings of the variety &#8220;Nezahualcoyotl&#8221; and to generate the corresponding severity scale. The pathogenicity of the isolates was corroborated through Koch&#8217;s postulates. The sequencing of the ITS1-ITS4 regions indicated that the isolates were highly related to Fusarium solani, Alternaria alternata and Pythium ultimum. A severity scale with five levels of damage induced by F. solani and A. alternata and three by P. ultimum is reported for the first time. Inoculation separately with F. solani and A. alternata promoted 100% cortex damage between 21-25 days after inoculation (DAI). The coinoculation of the three pathogens induced earlier (between 11-13 DAI) necrosis of the epidermis (85%) and the cortex (80%). The severity scale will be a valuable help in the quantification and monitoring of the rot of the fig tree stem.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Propagación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[higo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[necrosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[severidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Oomicetos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ascomicetos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Propagation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fig]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[necrosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[severity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oomycetes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ascomycetes.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barnett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hunter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Phytopathological Society]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>200</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Minnesota, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boliani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferreira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AFA.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monteiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LNH.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MSACD.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rombola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advances in propagation of Ficus carica L.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flaishman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stover]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The fig: botany, horticulture, and breeding]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Horticultural Reviews]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<page-range>113-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iriarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lesino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Monitoreo higrotérmico de un edificio acondicionado para propagacion agámica de plantas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Avances en energías renovables y medio ambiente]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>29-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RMT.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CVM.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valadez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muratalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Initial assessment of natural diversity in Mexican fig landraces]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Genetics and Molecular Research]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>3931-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IJS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Escala diagramática de severidad para el complejo mancha de asfalto del maíz]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Fitopatología]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>95-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khanzada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lodhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shahzad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium solani on mango]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pakistan Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>181-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leslie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Summerell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Fusarium laboratory manual]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>388</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Blackwell Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Logrieco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moretti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solfrizzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alternaria toxins and plant diseases: an overview of origin, occurrence and risks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Mycotoxin Journal]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<page-range>129-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venema]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Rijk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Kok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scholten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HG.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Nijs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Occurrence of Alternaria toxins in food products in The Netherlands]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Food Control]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<page-range>196-204</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Metabolites from Alternaria fungi and their bioactivities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Molecules]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>5891-935</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mavrodi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OV.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elateek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CG.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okubara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Suppression of Rhizoctonia and Pythium root rot of wheat by new strains of Pseudomonas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Control]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>93-102</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reganold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levesque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frequency, virulence, and metalaxyl sensitivity of Pythium spp. isolated from apple roots under conventional and organic production systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Disease]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<page-range>669-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CVM.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJM.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZG.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CMDC.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santacruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intensive production systems of fig (Ficus carica L.) under greenhouse conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Experimental Agriculture]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<page-range>339-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rasband]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[ImageJ, U. S. National Institutes of Health]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bethesda, Maryland, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Algunos aspectos de los hongos del género Fusarium y de la especie Fusarium oxysporum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agronomía Colombiana]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>11-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PH.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YS.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tsou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Severe decline of wax apple trees caused by Fusarium solani in northern Taiwan]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Botanical Studies]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>75-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Innis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelfand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sninsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>315-22</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Diego USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genotype responses of two apple rootstocks to infection by Pythium ultimum causing apple replant disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>483-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
