<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-2620</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios de historia moderna y contemporánea de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. hist. mod. contemp. Mex]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-2620</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-26202023000200005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/iih.24485004e.2023.66.77850</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[José María Carvajal y la construcción del Estado nacional en la frontera norestense, 1859-1860]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[José María Carvajal and the Creation of a Nation State at the Northern Border, 1859-1860]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tovar Mota]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valentina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,El Colegio de México  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>66</numero>
<fpage>5</fpage>
<lpage>33</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-26202023000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-26202023000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-26202023000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar el papel militar y político que tuvo José María Carvajal en la frontera norte de Tamaulipas entre 1859 y 1860 durante la guerra de Reforma. El trabajo argumenta que, en sus intervenciones como militar, Carvajal interactuó con fuerzas políticas y sociales de gran alcance de índole regional, nacional e internacional. A través de un análisis de fuentes hemerográficas y de documentación resguardada por el Archivo Histórico de la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, el artículo permite adentrarse en la manera en la que personajes como Carvajal contribuyeron a apuntalar la causa liberal en la zona fronteriza y a construir autoridad para el gobierno encabezado por Benito Juárez. El artículo concluye que la facción liberal en buena medida intentó construir legitimidad y controlar las zonas fronterizas a través de figuras &#8220;fuertes&#8221; como Carvajal, las cuales fueron pieza clave del dominio territorial en esa parte de la línea divisoria.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article aims to show the military and political role of José María Carvajal within the northern border of the state of Tamaulipas, between 1859 and 1860, during the Mexican War of the Reform. This article argues that as a military man, Carvajal interacted with political and social forces, whose reach extended beyond the region, to the nation, and even internationally. Through an analysis of documents and periodical publications belonging to the Archivo Histórico de la Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, this article provides an in depth look into the way in which characters like Carvajal contributed both to supporting the liberal cause at the border and to helping build authority for the government led by Benito Juárez. This article concludes that the liberals tried to create legitimacy and to control the areas surrounding the frontier through &#8220;strong&#8221; characters, like Carvajal, who were vital for territorial dominion of that section of the border.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[frontera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estado nacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[incursiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[noreste mexicano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[José María Carvajal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[border]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nation-State]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[incursions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mexican North-east]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[José María Carvajal]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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