<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1918</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de ciencias políticas y sociales]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. cienc. polít. soc]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1918</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-19182022000200021</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2022.245.75685</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La nueva constitución cubana frente al nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The New Cuban Constitution and New Latin American Constitutionalism]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bobes León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Velia Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>245</numero>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>47</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-19182022000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-19182022000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-19182022000200021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este trabajo se propone analizar la Constitución de Cuba de 2019 en el contexto del nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano (NCL) para ofrecer, desde una perspectiva comparada, algunos elementos que abonen a una reflexión sobre la política y la sociedad cubanas y sus posibles impactos sobre las relaciones entre estas dos esferas. El presente análisis compara la constitución cubana con otras 8 a través de 4 ítems: 1) proceso constitucional; 2) definición del Estado, principios y valores; 3) derechos y garantías, y 4) mecanismos de democracia directa y participación ciudadana. Los resultados de la comparación revelan semejanzas y diferencias respecto a las del NCL, que sirven de base para valorar las continuidades y rupturas, aciertos y limitaciones de la nueva Constitución de Cuba.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper aims to analyze the 2019 Cuban Constitution in the context of new Latin American constitutionalism in order to offer, from a comparative perspective, some elements that contribute to a reflection on Cuban politics and society and its possible impact on the relationship between these two spheres. This analysis compares the Cuban Constitution with 8 others through 4 items: 1) constitutional process; 2) definition of the state, principles and values; 3) rights and guarantees, and 4) mechanisms for direct democracy and citizen participation. The results reveal similarities and differences compared to those of new Latin American constitutionalism, which serve as the basis for assessing the continuities, ruptures, successes and limitations of Cuba&#8217;s new Constitution.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[constitución]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[difusión constitucional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[constitution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[new Latin American constitutionalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[constitutional diffusion]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ANPP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Constitución de 1976 con reformas de 1992 (24 de febrero de 1976 con reformas de 1992]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Biblioteca Jurídica Virtual del IIJ-UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANPP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Proyecto de Constitución de la República de Cuba]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ANPP</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Constitución de la República de Cuba]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejarano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana María]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Liñán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aníbal]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tuercas y tornillos en la fábrica de constituciones. Un debate en torno a Making Constitutions. Presidents, Parties, and Institutional Choice in Latin America de Gabriel Negretto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Política y gobierno]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>477-503</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertot Triana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Harold]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Constitución cubana de 2019 en perspectiva histórica e ideológica: Aproximaciones a su sistema político electoral]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Derecho Público]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>90</numero>
<issue>90</issue>
<page-range>11-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bobes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Velia Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Veinte años después (Actores del cambio constitucional; retrospectiva y escenarios futuros)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bobes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Velia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaguaceda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El cambio constitucional en Cuba]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>201-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaguaceda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viera Cañive]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Eloy]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El destino de Sísifo. Régimen político y nueva Constitución en Cuba]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Polis Revista Latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>58</numero>
<issue>58</issue>
<page-range>58-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adam]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Versteeg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mila]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Do constitutional rights make a difference?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Political Science]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>575-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Constitución de Colombia]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polítical Database of the Americas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Constitución de la República Bolivariana de Venezuela]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gaceta Oficial Extraordinaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Constitución de la República del Ecuador 2008]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[OAS]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Constitución de la República Dominicana]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polítical Database of the Americas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Constitución Nacional de la República Argentina de 1994]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polítical Database of the Americas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Constitución Política de la República de Paraguay de 1992]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Polítical Database of the Americas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Constitución Política del Estado (Bolivia)]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SILEP]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<source><![CDATA[Constitución Política del Perú 1993]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Political Database of the Americas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veiga González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Mederos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lenier]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Cuba que quisimos. La constitución cubana de 2019: Debates en Cuba Posible sobre su formulación, anteproyecto y proyecto final]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Sergio Arboleda]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zachary]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diffussion and the constitutionalization of Europe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comparative Political Studies]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>8/9</numero>
<issue>8/9</issue>
<page-range>969-99</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Forces and mechanism in the Constitution-Making Process]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Duke Law Journal]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>364-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Retos latentes para la democracia y el socialismo en la Constitución cubana]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burgos Matamoros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mylai]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozo Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edmundo Del]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Constitución de la República de Cuba 2019 Sistema político, derechos, género y medio ambiente]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Heinrich Böll]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmona Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edilberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doimeadios Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dianet]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Concepción]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Irene]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Cuáles son los principales cambios en el Proyecto de Constitución?]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cubadebate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galligan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Versteeg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mila]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Theoretical perspectives on the social and political foundations of constitutions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galligan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Versteeg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mila]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>3-48</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dramas, conflictos y promesas del nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anacronismo e Irrupción]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>245-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La &#8220;sala de máquinas&#8221; de las constituciones latinoamericanas. Entre lo viejo y lo nuevo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>257</numero>
<issue>257</issue>
<page-range>96-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The &#8220;Engine Room&#8221; of the Constitution (with some particular attention to the Cuban case)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuban Studies]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<page-range>14-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sobre el &#8220;Nuevo Constitucionalismo Latnoamericano&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Uruguaya de Ciencia Política]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>109-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargarella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Courtis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano: promesas e interrogantes]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>153</numero>
<issue>153</issue>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CEPAL]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ginsburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tom]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Zach]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The lifespan of written constitutions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Law &amp; Economics Association Annual Meetings]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>33</numero>
<issue>33</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goderis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benedickt]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Versteeg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mila]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transnational constitutionalism]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galligan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Denis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social and Political Foundations of Constitutions]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>103-33</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goderis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Benedickt]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Versteeg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mila]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The transnational origins of constitutions: Evidence from a new global data set on constitutional rights]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Review of Law and Economics]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>1-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Steffan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mecanismos de democracia directa en América Latina: Una revisión comparada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Derecho Electoral]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>INE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios electorales en perspectiva internacional comparada. El voto en el extranjero en 18 países de América Latina]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INE/PNUD]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janoski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Citizenship and Civil Society. A Framework of Rigths and Obligations in LIberal, Traditional, and Social Democratics Regimes]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paradojas de la reforma constitucional en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Democracy en español]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
<page-range>38-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Shifting constitutional designs in America Latina: A two level explanation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Texas Law Review]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1777-805</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Making Constitutions. Presidents, Parties, and Institutional Choice in Latin America]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Procesos constituyentes y refundación democrática. El caso de Chile en perspectiva]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencia Política]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>201-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Albert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La constitución cubana de 2019: un análisis crítico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Derecho Político]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>105</numero>
<issue>105</issue>
<page-range>361-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noguera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Albert]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Criado de Diego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Constitución colombiana de 1991 como punto de inicio del nuevo consitucionalismo en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Estudios Socio Jurídicos]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Detlef]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reformas Constitucionales en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia.edu]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Detlef]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[América Latina: Constituciones flexibles y estructras de poder rígidas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iberoamérica]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>61</numero>
<issue>61</issue>
<page-range>235-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nolte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Detlef]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schilling-Vacaflor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Almut]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[New Constitutionalism in Latin America. Promises and Practices]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ashgate]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>OIM</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cuba. Estadísticas migratorias clave]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Portal de Datos sobre Migración]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Partido Comunista de Cuba</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Lineamientos de la Política Económica y Social del Partido y la Revolución]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amelia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A need for legal certainty]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[NACLA]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pisarello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gerardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Un largo Termidor. Historia y crítica del constituionalismo antidemocrático]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Quito ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios y Difusión del Derecho Constitucional/ Corte Constitucional del Ecuador]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La tradición constitucional hispanoamericana y el excepcionalismo cubano]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bobes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Velia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaguaceda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El cambio constitucional en Cuba]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>55-76</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nueva constitución en Cuba: lo que permanece y lo que cambia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Letras Libres]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar Ugarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El nuevo constitucionalismo latinoamericano (una perspectiva crítica)]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Biblioteca Jurídica Virtual del IIJ-UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uprimny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las transformaciones constitucionales recientes en América Latina: tendencias y desafíos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Garavito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El derecho en América Latina. Un mapa para el pensamiento jurídico del siglo XXI]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<page-range>109-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Siglo XXI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viciano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pastor]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Dalmau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ruben]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los procesos constituyentes latinoamericanos y el nuevo paradigma constitucional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista del Instituto de Ciencias Jurídicas de Puebla]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>7-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villabella Armengol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El constitucionalismo contemporáneo de América Latina. Breve estudio comparado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín Mexicano de Derecho Comparado]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>149</numero>
<issue>149</issue>
<page-range>943-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yanina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La participación ciudadana en la encrucijada. Los mecanismos de democracia directa en Ecuador, Perú y Argentina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Íconos]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>117-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yanina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las instituciones de participación ciudadana en América Latina]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zovatto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las instituciones de la democracia directa]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lisidini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alicia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Welp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yanina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zovatto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracias en movimiento. Mecanismos de democracia directa y participativa en América Latina]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<page-range>13-70</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
