<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1667</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Investigación económica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Inv. Econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1667</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Economía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-16672007000400059</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Economic Growth Models and Growth Tendencies in Major Latin American Countries and in the United States, 1963-2003]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Modelos de crecimiento económico y tendencias de crecimiento en los principales países de Latinoamérica y en Estados Unidos, 1963-2003]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza Pichardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>262</numero>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>87</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-16672007000400059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-16672007000400059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-16672007000400059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: This paper discusses the usefulness of the Duménil-Lévy and Foley-Michl growth models in analyzing long-term economic tendencies, particularly Marxian, Harrodian and Hicksian growth trajectories. A "trajectory à la Marx" is characterized by decreasing rates of profit and decreasing rates of growth of capital stock and output. The economies of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, and the United States (US) economy are then analyzed using data from the 1963-2003 Penn World Table. Chile's performance is at odds with that of the other countries. Around 1980, a structural break in labor productivity occurred in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico. A Marx-biased technical change had predominated in these countries and the us prior to 1980, and included a falling rate of profit. Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico entered a period of technical change crisis during the 1980's, while in Argentina, a Hicks type pattern initially prevailed. In the US, a Harrod type of growth replaced the Marx type. Profitability was temporarily recovered, but in the final years, Latin American economies have either entered into a state of technical change crisis (Argentina) or continued into one (Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico). For the Latin American and us economies alike, there are signals that profitability problems have now returned. As the profit rate has decreased in Latin American countries, the growth rate of output has also dwindled.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Se utilizan los modelos de crecimiento de Duménil y Lévy y de Foley y Michl para discutir tendencias económicas de largo plazo, particularmente las trayectorias de crecimiento de Marx, Harrod y Hicks. Una trayectoria à la Marx implica tasas de ganancia y tasas de crecimiento del acervo de capital y del producto decrecientes. Con datos para 1963-2003 de la Penn World Table, se analizan las economías de Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Estados Unidos (EU). El comportamiento de Chile es diferente al de las otras economías. Alrededor de 1980 ocurre un cambio estructural en la productividad del trabajo en Argentina, Brasil, Colombia y México. Antes de 1980, prevalecía el cambio técnico de Marx en esos países y en EU, incluida la caída de la tasa de ganancia. En los ochenta Brasil, Colombia y México entran en una etapa de crisis de cambio técnico, mientras se instaura el cambio técnico de Hicks en Argentina y el cambio técnico de Harrod en Estados Unidos. La rentabilidad se recupera temporalmente, pero en los años finales Argentina entra en una etapa de crisis de cambio técnico, mientras que Brasil, Colombia y México permanecen en ella. Para las economías de América Latina como para EU hay signos de que los problemas de rentabilidad han regresado en los últimos años. Con el descenso de la tasa de ganancia, el crecimiento del producto en los países de América Latina ha caído.]]></p></abstract>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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