<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1616</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Estudios políticos (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Estud. polít. (Méx.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1616</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-16162023000200022</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fcpys.24484903e.2023.59.85859</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Conceptos mal definidos, términos equívocos, imprecisiones, contradicciones y falta de lógica en las argumentaciones de algunos politólogos de fama mundial]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Poorly defined concepts, misleading terms, inaccuracies, contradictions and lack of logic in the arguments of some world-renowned political scientists]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Iñiguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,UNAM Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales Centro de Estudios Políticos]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>59</numero>
<fpage>22</fpage>
<lpage>29</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-16162023000200022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-16162023000200022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-16162023000200022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En el presente texto, el autor critica fuertemente algunos aspectos del trabajo de importantes politólogos de fama mundial: conceptos mal definidos, términos equívocos, imprecisiones, contradicciones y falta de lógica en algunas de sus argumentaciones. Tras todo ello, la concepción predominantemente electoral que tienen de la democracia. Los politólogos criticados son Robert A. Dahl, Juan J. Linz, Arend Lijphart, Guillermo O´ Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, Laurence Whitehead y Adam Przeworski.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In the present text, the author makes a strong criticism about some aspects of the work of outstanding political scientist: wrong defined concepts, ambiguous words, imprecisions, contradictions and lack of logic in some arguments. Behind all that, their fundamentally electoral conceptions of democracy. The criticized political scientist are Robert A. Dahl, Juan J. Linz, Arend Lijphart, Guillermo O´ Donnell, Philippe C. Schmitter, Laurence Whitehead y Adam Przeworski.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ciencias Sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ciencia Política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[democracia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teoría política]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[lógica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Social Sciences]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Political Science]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[democracy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[political theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[logic]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La democracia. Una guía para los ciudadanos]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taurus]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La poliarquía. Participación y oposición]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Rei]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La democracia y sus críticos]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós Ibérica]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dahl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Robert A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Polyarchy]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New Haven ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Yale University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O´ Donnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Democracia delegativa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contrapuntos]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O´ Donnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introducción a los casos latinoamericanos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transiciones desde un gobierno autoritario]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>II</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O´ Donnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Schmitter]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitehead]]></surname>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Transiciones desde un gobierno autoritario]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>IV</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lijphart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arend]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modelos de democracia. Formas de gobierno y resultados en treinta y seis países]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ariel Ciencia Política]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La quiebra de las democracias]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Universidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transitions to Democracy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Washington Quarterly]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>143-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Conjeturas y refutaciones. El desarrollo del conocimiento científico]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La lógica de la investigación científica]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Tecnos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Przeworski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Democracia y mercado. Reformas políticas y económicas en la Europa del Este y América Latina]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gran Bretaña ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rawls]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teoría de la justicia]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sartori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La política. Lógica y método en las ciencias sociales]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FCE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sartori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teoría sobre la democracia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[El debate contemporáneo]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Alianza Universidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Iñiguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Qué papel juegan la teoría y la hipótesis en la investigación científica?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roqueñí]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reflexiones en torno a la investigación]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[UNAM y La Biblioteca]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
