<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1101</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de astronomía y astrofísica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. astron. astrofis]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1101</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Astronomía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-11012011000100008</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mass and metal ejection efficiency in disk galaxies driven by young stellar clusters of nuclear starburst]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D. F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Radioastronomía y Astrofísica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Morelia Michoacán]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>113</fpage>
<lpage>125</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-11012011000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-11012011000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-11012011000100008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Presentamos las eficiencias de pérdida de masa y metales obtenidas de modelos numéricos de vientos galácticos empujados por la energía depositada en brotes de formación estelar nucleares. Los brotes de formación estelar contienen cúmulos estelares jóvenes los cuales inyectan la energía suficiente para empujar parte del medio interestelar fuera de las galaxias. En algunos casos los vientos galácticos contienen una importante parte de los metales producidos por las nuevas generaciones estelares. Para estudiar las eficiencias de pérdida de masa y metales hemos desarrollado simulaciones numéricas 3D N- Cuerpos/Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics de vientos galácticos para los casos: adiabáticos y con pérdidas radiativas. Los modelos numéricos cubren una amplio intervalo de masas de los brotes de formación estelar <img border=0 src="../../../../../img/revistas/rmaa/v47n1/a8e1.jpg">y de masas en las galaxias anfitrionas <img border=0 src="../../../../../img/revistas/rmaa/v47n1/a8e2.jpg">Las regiones de formación estelar concentradas en el centro del potencial son una maquinaria importante para la pérdida y redistribución de masa y metales en este tipo de galaxias.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We present results from models of galactic winds driven by energy injected by nuclear starbursts. The total energy of the starburst is provided by young central stellar clusters and parts of the galactic interstellar médium are pushed out as part of the galactic wind (in some cases the galactic wind contains an important part of the metáis produced in the new generation of stars). We have performed adiabatic and radiative 3D N-Body/Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of galactic winds using the GADGET-2 code. The numerical models cover a wide range of starburst <img border=0 src="../../../../../img/revistas/rmaa/v47n1/a8e3.jpg">and galactic gas masses <img border=0 src="../../../../../img/revistas/rmaa/v47n1/a8e4.jpg">The concentrated central starburst regions are an efficient engine for producing the mass and metal loss in galaxies, and also for driving the metal redistribution in galaxies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[galaxies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[galaxies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[general]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ISM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[stars]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[outflows]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b> Mass and metal ejection efficiency in disk galaxies driven by young stellar clusters of nuclear starburst </b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>A. Rodr&iacute;guez&#150;Gonz&aacute;lez,<sup>1</sup> A. Esquivel,<sup>1</sup> A. C. Raga,<sup>1</sup> and P. Col&iacute;n<sup>2 </sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>1 </sup>Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares. Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Apdo. Postal 70&#150;543, 04510 M&eacute;xico, D. F., M&eacute;xico</i> (<a href="mailto:esquivel@nucleares.unam.mx">esquivel@nucleares.unam.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:raga@nucleares.unam.mx">raga@nucleares.unam.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:ary@nucleares.unam.mx">ary@nucleares.unam.mx</a>).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>2 </sup>Centro de Radioastronom&iacute;a y Astrof&iacute;sica, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Apdo. Postal 3&#150;72, 58090 Morelia, Michoac&aacute;n, M&eacute;xico</i> (<a href="mailto:p.colin@crya.unam.mx">p.colin@crya.unam.mx</a>).</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 2010 August 26    <br>   Accepted 2011 January 31</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Presentamos las eficiencias de p&eacute;rdida de masa y metales obtenidas de modelos num&eacute;ricos de vientos gal&aacute;cticos empujados por la energ&iacute;a depositada en brotes de formaci&oacute;n estelar nucleares. Los brotes de formaci&oacute;n estelar contienen c&uacute;mulos estelares j&oacute;venes los cuales inyectan la energ&iacute;a suficiente para empujar parte del medio interestelar fuera de las galaxias. En algunos casos los vientos gal&aacute;cticos contienen una importante parte de los metales producidos por las nuevas generaciones estelares. Para estudiar las eficiencias de p&eacute;rdida de masa y metales hemos desarrollado simulaciones num&eacute;ricas 3D <i>N&#150; Cuerpos/Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics </i>de vientos gal&aacute;cticos para los casos: adiab&aacute;ticos y con p&eacute;rdidas radiativas. Los modelos num&eacute;ricos cubren una amplio intervalo de masas de los brotes de formaci&oacute;n estelar<i> <img src="/img/revistas/rmaa/v47n1/a8e1.jpg"> </i>y de masas en las galaxias anfitrionas <i><img src="/img/revistas/rmaa/v47n1/a8e2.jpg"> </i>Las regiones de formaci&oacute;n estelar concentradas en el centro del potencial son una maquinaria importante para la p&eacute;rdida y redistribuci&oacute;n de masa y metales en este tipo de galaxias.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We present results from models of galactic winds driven by energy injected by nuclear starbursts. The total energy of the starburst is provided by young central stellar clusters and parts of the galactic interstellar m&eacute;dium are pushed out as part of the galactic wind (in some cases the galactic wind contains an important part of the met&aacute;is produced in the new generation of stars). We have performed adiabatic and radiative 3D N&#150;Body/Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics simulations of galactic winds using the GADGET&#150;2 code. The numerical models cover a wide range of starburst <img src="/img/revistas/rmaa/v47n1/a8e3.jpg">and galactic gas masses <img src="/img/revistas/rmaa/v47n1/a8e4.jpg"> The concentrated central starburst regions are an efficient engine for producing the mass and metal loss in galaxies, and also for driving the metal redistribution in galaxies.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>Key Words: </i></b>galaxies: starburst &#151; galaxies: star clusters: general &#151; ISM: general &#151; stars: winds, outflows.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmaa/v47n1/v47n1a8.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ACKNOWLEDGMENTS</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We thank the anonymous referee for very relevant comments that resulted in a substantial revision of the original version of this paper. We thank Volker Springel (from the Univ. of Heidelberg) for helpful suggestions which we have been included in this paper. We acknowledge support from the Conacyt grants 61547, 101356 and 101975.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>REFERENCES</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Anders, P., de Grijs, R., Fritze&#150;v. 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