<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0185-1101</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de astronomía y astrofísica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. astron. astrofis]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0185-1101</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Astronomía]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0185-11012009000100006</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ionization-bounded and Density-bounded Planetary Nebulae]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yolanda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lizette]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Centro de Radiostronomía y Astrofísica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Morelia Michoacán]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2009</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>85</fpage>
<lpage>89</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0185-11012009000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0185-11012009000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0185-11012009000100006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Las nebulosas planetarias (y en general las regiones fotoionizadas) pueden clasificarse como acotadas por ionización (ionization-bounded) o bien acotadas por densidad (density-bounded). Es importante poder determinar en qué caso está la nebulosa planetaria estudiada para poder estimar a partir de observaciones nebulares, por ejemplo, la tasa total de fotones ionizantes producidos por la estrella central. En este artículo presentamos un criterio observacional sencillo que utiliza imágenes de radiocontinuo y que nos permite establecer una condición necesaria (pero no suficiente) para que la nebulosa planetaria pueda ser considerada como acotada por ionización. Aplicamos el criterio a dos nebulosas planetarias: NGC 7027 resulta muy posiblemente acotada por ionización, mientras que Hb 4 está acotada por densidad, al menos en ciertas direcciones.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Planetary nebulae (and in general any photoionized region) can be classified as ionization-bounded or density-bounded. It is important to determine in which case is the planetary nebula studied to be able to estimate from nebular observations, for example, the total rate of ionizing photons produced by the central star. In this paper we present a simple observational criterion that uses radio continuum images and allows to establish a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the planetary nebula to be considered as ionization-bounded. We apply the criterion to two planetary nebulae: NGC 7027 is most possibly ionization-bounded, while Hb 4 is density-bounded, at least in some directions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[planetary nebulae: individual (NGC 7027, Hb 4)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[techniques: image processing]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><font size="4">Ionization&#150;bounded and Density&#150;bounded Planetary Nebulae</font></b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Luis F. Rodr&iacute;guez*, Yolanda G&oacute;mez**, and Lizette Guzm&aacute;n***</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Centro de Radiostronom&iacute;a y Astrof&iacute;sica, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Apdo. Postal 3-72 (Xangari), 58089 Morelia, Michoac&aacute;n, M&eacute;xico.( * <a href="mailto:y.gomez@astrosmo.unam.mx">y.gomez<i>@astrosmo.unam.mx</i></a>,** <a href="mailto:l.guzman@astrosmo.unam.mx">l.guzman<i>@astrosmo.unam.mx</i></a>,*** <a href="mailto:l.rodriguez@astrosmo.unam.mx">l.rodriguez@astrosmo.unam.mx</a>).</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Received 2008 December 29    <br> Accepted 2009 January 30</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>RESUMEN</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Las nebulosas planetarias (y en general las regiones fotoionizadas) pueden clasificarse como acotadas por ionizaci&oacute;n (ionization&#150;bounded) o bien acotadas por densidad (density&#150;bounded). Es importante poder determinar en qu&eacute; caso est&aacute; la nebulosa planetaria estudiada para poder estimar a partir de observaciones nebulares, por ejemplo, la tasa total de fotones ionizantes producidos por la estrella central. En este art&iacute;culo presentamos un criterio observacional sencillo que utiliza im&aacute;genes de radiocontinuo y que nos permite establecer una condici&oacute;n necesaria (pero no suficiente) para que la nebulosa planetaria pueda ser considerada como acotada por ionizaci&oacute;n. Aplicamos el criterio a dos nebulosas planetarias: NGC 7027 resulta muy posiblemente acotada por ionizaci&oacute;n, mientras que Hb 4 est&aacute; acotada por densidad, al menos en ciertas direcciones.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>ABSTRACT</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Planetary nebulae (and in general any photoionized region) can be classified as ionization&#150;bounded or density&#150;bounded. It is important to determine in which case is the planetary nebula studied to be able to estimate from nebular observations, for example, the total rate of ionizing photons produced by the central star. In this paper we present a simple observational criterion that uses radio continuum images and allows to establish a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for the planetary nebula to be considered as ionization&#150;bounded. We apply the criterion to two planetary nebulae: NGC 7027 is most possibly ionization&#150;bounded, while Hb 4 is density&#150;bounded, at least in some directions.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b><i>Key Words: </i></b>planetary nebulae: individual (NGC 7027, Hb 4) &#151; techniques: image processing.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmaa/v45n1/v45n1a6.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>REFERENCES</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Aaquist, O. 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