<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0036-3634</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Salud Pública de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Salud pública Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0036-3634</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0036-36342020000300246</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21149/10903</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Polypharmacy is associated with multiple health-related outcomes in Mexican community-dwelling older adults]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La polifarmacia se asocia con múltiples resultados en salud]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aarón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Betty]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Almaraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Funes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>246</fpage>
<lpage>254</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0036-36342020000300246&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0036-36342020000300246&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0036-36342020000300246&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Objective: To determine the association between polypharmacy and multiple health-related outcomes in older adults.  Materials and methods: We carried out a cross-sectional analysis with 274 community-dwelling older adults aged &#8805;60 years in Mexico City. We used the following health-related outcomes: frailty, dementia, functional capacity, falls, disability, and quality of life. The main exposure was polypharmacy (chronic use of six or more drugs). Ordinal logistic regression, binary logistic regression, Poisson regression, and linear regression models were used to estimate the association between polypharmacy and the outcomes analyzed.  Results: Polypharmacy was present in 45% of the sample. Polypharmacy was significantly associated with frailty status, and marginally, with dementia. We also observed significant associations for instrumental activities of daily living, falls, disability, and quality of life.  Conclusions: Given that polypharmacy has reached levels of a global epidemic, it is necessary to take radical actions to reduce the concomitant problems of the use of multiple drugs.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre la polifarmacia y múltiples resultados relacionados con la salud de los adultos mayores.  Material y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un análisis transversal con 274 adultos mayores que residen en comunidad, edad &#8805;60 años, en la Ciudad de México. Se utilizaron los siguientes resultados relacionados con la salud: fragilidad, demencia, capacidad funcional, caídas, discapacidad y calidad de vida. La exposición principal fue la polifarmacia (uso crónico de seis o más fármacos). Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística ordinal, regresión logística binaria, regresión de Poisson y regresión lineal para estimar la asociación entre la polifarmacia y los resultados analizados.  Resultados: La polifarmacia estuvo presente en 45% de la muestra. La polifarmacia se asoció significativamente con el estado de fragilidad y marginalmente con la demencia. También se observaron asociaciones significativas para actividades instrumentales de la vida diaria, caídas, discapacidad y calidad de vida.  Conclusiones: Dado que la polifarmacia ha alcanzado niveles de epidemia global, es necesario tomar medidas radicales para reducir los problemas concomitantes del uso de múltiples medicamentos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[health-related outcomes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[older adults]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[polypharmacy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resultados relacionados con la salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[adultos mayores]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[polifarmacia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanlon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hajjar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical consequences of polypharmacy in elderly.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Opin Drug Saf.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gnjidic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blyth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naganathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Waite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seibel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polypharmacy cutoff and outcomes: five or more medicines were used to identify community-dwelling older men at risk of different adverse outcomes.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Epidemiol.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>989-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jyrkkä]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enlund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lavikainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sulkava]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hartikainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of polypharmacy with nutritional status, functional ability and cognitive capacity over a three-year period in an elderly population.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>514-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cesari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casas-Herrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Inzitari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Velilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationship between frailty and polypharmacy in older people: A systematic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Clin Pharmacol.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1432-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eaton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wallace]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gold]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefanick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ockene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Geriatric syndromes and incident disability in older women: results from the women&#8217;s health initiative observational study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>371-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meraya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dwibedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sambamoorthi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polypharmacy and health-related quality of life among us adults with arthritis, medical expenditure panel survey, 2010-2012.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Chronic Dis.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>E132</numero>
<issue>E132</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hankey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yeap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Quality use of medicines and health outcomes among a cohort of community dwelling older men: an observational study.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Clin Pharmacol.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>592-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richardson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ananou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lafortune]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brayne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FE.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variation over time in the association between polypharmacy and mortality in the older population.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drugs Aging.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>547-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bahat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golomb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moorhouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Onder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[International group for reducing inappropriate medication use &amp; polypharmacy (IGRIMUP): Position statement and 10 recommendations for action.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drugs Aging.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>575-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elmståhl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polypharmacy and inappropriate drug use among older people -A systematic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Healthy Aging Clin Care Elder.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jokanovic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dooley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirkpatrick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and factors associated with polypharmacy in long-term care facilities: a systematic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Med Dir Assoc.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>535.e1-535.e12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Orozco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza-Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia y factores de riesgo para polifarmacia en adultos mayores del Valle del Mezquital, Hidalgo.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Farmacéuticas.]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>12-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Arroyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sauceda-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalencia de la polifarmacia y la prescripción de medicamentos inapropiados en el adulto mayor hospitalizado por enfermedades cardiovasculares.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gac Med Mex.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>150</volume>
<numero>^sSuppl 1</numero>
<issue>^sSuppl 1</issue>
<supplement>Suppl 1</supplement>
<page-range>29-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masnoon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shakib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalisch-Ellett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caughey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Geriatr.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>230</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veehof]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyboom-De Jong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haaijer-Ruskamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polypharmacy in the elderly - a literature review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Gen Pract.]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>98-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and predictors of polypharmacy among Korean elderly.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O&#8217;Leary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Towle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trentalange]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health outcomes associated with polypharmacy in community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc.]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2261-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heredia-Pi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera-Almaraz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Funes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Healthcare Costs of Frailty: Implications for Long-term Care.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Med Dir Assoc.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>102.e2-3.e2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tangen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gottdiener]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>M146-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siordia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alternative Scoring for Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Maturitas.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>379-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Branch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Branson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Papsidero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Active life expectancy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med.]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>309</volume>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>1218-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brody]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Assessment of older people: Self maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gerontologist.]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>179-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Üstün TB]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chatterji S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostanjsek N]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rehm J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kennedy C]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Epping-Jordan J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Developing the world health organization disability assessment schedule 2.0.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bull WHO.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>815-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ware Jr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherbourne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36). I. Conceptual framework and item selection.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Care.]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>473-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rolland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty and polypharmacy.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr Health Aging.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>645-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golchin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frank]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vince]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meropol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polypharmacy in the elderly.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>S1</numero>
<issue>S1</issue>
<page-range>S296-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health conditions and functional status of older adults in Mexico.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Publica Mex.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>^ssuppl 2</numero>
<issue>^ssuppl 2</issue>
<supplement>suppl 2</supplement>
<page-range>S323-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association between polypharmacy and dementia in older people: a population-based case-control study in Taiwan.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geriatr Gerontol Int]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>491-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meraya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dwibedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sambamoorthi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polypharmacy and Health-Related Quality of Life Among US Adults With Arthritis, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2010-2012.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prev Chronic Dis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>E132</numero>
<issue>E132</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brettler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kanter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Distasio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Refining the definition of polypharmacy and its link to disability in older adults: conceptualizing necessary polypharmacy, unnecessary polypharmacy, and polypharmacy of unclear benefit.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perm J]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>24:18</volume>
<numero>212</numero>
<issue>212</issue>
<page-range>1-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wastesson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ECK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An update on the clinical consequences of polypharmacy in older adults: a narrative review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Opin Drug Saf.]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1185-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kojima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akishita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nomura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iijima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polypharmacy as a risk for fall occurrence in geriatric outpatients.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Geriatr Gerontol Int.]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>425-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crentsil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ricks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[QL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A pharmacoepidemiologic study of community-dwelling, disabled older women: Factors associated with medication use.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Geriatr Pharmacother.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>215-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corsonello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Incalzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Age-related pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic changes and related risk of adverse drug reactions.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Med Chem.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>571-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill-Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayden]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Byrne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sketris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effectiveness of the STOPP/START (Screening Tool of Older Persons&#8217; potentially inappropriate Prescriptions/Screening Tool to Alert doctors to the Right Treatment) criteria: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Pharm Ther.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>158-69</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ARMOR: A tool to evaluate polypharmacy in elderly persons.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann of Longterm Care.]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>26-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
