<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0036-3634</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Salud Pública de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Salud pública Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0036-3634</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0036-36342019000500010</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21149/10062</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Social determinants of health and frailty are associated with all-cause mortality in older adults]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los determinantes de la salud y la fragilidad están asociados con la mortalidad por todas las causas en adultos mayores]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Bautista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emmanuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Betty]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila-Funes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naidoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nirmala]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kowal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paul]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A6"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatterji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Somnath]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Aarón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Centro de Investigación en Evaluación y Encuestas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Cuernavaca]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Servicio de Geriatría ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Mexico City]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Université de Bordeaux Bordeaux Population Health Research Center ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Bordeaux]]></addr-line>
<country>France</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,World Health Organization  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Geneva]]></addr-line>
<country>Switzerland</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Newcastle Research Centre for Generational Health and Ageing ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Newcastle]]></addr-line>
<country>Australia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Chiang Mai University Research Institute for Health Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Chiang Mai]]></addr-line>
<country>Thailand</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>582</fpage>
<lpage>590</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0036-36342019000500010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0036-36342019000500010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0036-36342019000500010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Objective: To examine the longitudinal association between the social determinants of health (SDH) and frailty status with all-cause mortality in older Mexican adults.  Materials and methods: Longitudinal study with a sample of adults aged 60 and over of Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) in Mexico. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to estimate the SDH and frailty-related hazard ratios (HR) for mortality over the study period.  Results: Overall mortality rate was 16.9%. Higher education, having a higher frequency of inter-personal contacts (HR=0.96;p&lt;0.01) reduced the risk of dying, after adjusting for potential confounders. While, not counting on someone to trust (HR= 1.59;p&lt;0.03) and having a sense a lack of control over important decisions in life increased the mortality risk.  Conclusions: Given that frailty and the SDH affect health using independent pathways, public health systems in Mexico could benefit from increasing the capacity of identifying frail and isolated older adults and providing a risk-stratified health care accordingly.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Objetivo: Examinar la asociación longitudinal entre los determinantes sociales en salud (DSS) y la fragilidad con la mortalidad por todas las causas en adultos mayores mexicanos.  Material y métodos: Estudio longitudinal con una muestra de adultos mayores de 60 años o más del estudio Envejecimiento Global y Salud de los Adultos (SAGE, por sus siglas en inglés) en México. Se utilizó el modelo riesgos proporcionales de Cox para estimar la asociación entre DSS y la fragilidad en la mortalidad.  Resultados: La tasa de mortalidad general fue 16.9%. Tener mayor educación y una mayor frecuencia de contactos interpersonales (HR= 0.96,p&lt;0.01) reducen el riesgo de morir, después de ajustar por covariables. Mientras tanto, no contar con alguien en quien confiar (HR= 1.59;p&lt;0.03) y tener una sensación de falta de control sobre las decisiones importantes en la vida aumentan el riesgo de mortalidad.  Conclusiones: Dado que la fragilidad y los DSS inciden sobre la salud usando vías independientes, el sistema de salud de México se beneficiaría al incrementar su capacidad para detectar a los adultos mayores frágiles y con aislamiento social, para proveer cuidados a la salud.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[frailty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social determinants of health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mortality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic status]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social isolation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[aging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fragilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[determinantes sociales de la salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mortalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estatus económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cohesión social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[envejecimiento]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karunananthan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bergman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A life-course approach to healthy ageing: maintaining physical capability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Nutr Soc]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>73</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>237-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zunzunegui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M-V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Béland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bamvita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Life course social and health conditions linked to frailty in Latin American older men and women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci.]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1399-406</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ben-Shlomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lynch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallqvist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Power]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Life course epidemiology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Epidemiol Community Health]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>778-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Irwin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A Conceptual Framework for Action on the Social Determinants of Health.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO,]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phelan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Link]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diez-Roux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#8220;Fundamental Causes&#8221; of Social Inequalities in Mortality: A Test of the Theory.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Health Soc Behav]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>265-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fried]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tangen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty in older adults evidence for a phenotype]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>M146-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Unger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McAvay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berkman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variation in the impact of social network characteristics on physical functioning in elderly persons: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>S245-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nilsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avlund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Can the higher risk of disability onset among older people who live alone be alleviated by strong social relations? A longitudinal study of non-disabled men and women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Age Ageing.]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<page-range>319-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique-Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salinas-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salgado de Snyder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno-Tamayo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avila-Funes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty and Social Vulnerability in Mexican Deprived and Rural Settings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Aging Health.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>740-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kowal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chatterji]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naidoo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biritwum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Ridaura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Data resource profile: the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE).]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1639-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Ridura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health-2009/10]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Mexico ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12.</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tandon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gakidou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estimating Permanent Income Using Indicator Variables]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO,]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galobardes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matijasevich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnston]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Onwujekwe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Measuring socio-economic position for epidemiological studies in low- and middle-income countries: a methods of measurement in epidemiology paper]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>871-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hertzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Power]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health and Human Development: Understandings from Life Course Research.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dev Neuropsychol]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>719-44.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal education and child health: Is there a strong causal relationship?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Demography]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoevers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oude-Voshaar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Persons: A Systematic Review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1487-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Mata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueiredo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pereira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence of Frailty in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One.]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Attanasio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emmerson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mortality, health status and wealth]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Eur Econ Assoc.]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>821-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ensrud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ewing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cauley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Frailty and risk of falls, fracture, and mortality in older women: the study of osteoporotic fractures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journals Gerontol Ser A Biol Sci Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>744-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrew]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitnitski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rockwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social vulnerability, frailty and mortality in elderly people]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMunn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Breeze]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nazroo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oldfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Determinants of Health]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>267-86</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Social Determinants of Health. Great Britain]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Education and mortality among older adults in China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soc Sci Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<page-range>134-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalmijn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mother&#8217;s Occupational Status and Children&#8217;s Schooling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am Sociol Rev]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>257</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[World Report on Ageing and Health]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[World Report on Ageing and Health. Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berkman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Börsch-Supan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avendano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Labor-force participation, policies &amp; practices in an aging America: adaptation essential for a healthy and resilient population]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Daedalus.]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>41-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martikainen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mäki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jäntti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effects of Unemployment on Mortality following Workplace Downsizing and Workplace Closure: A Register-based Follow-up Study of Finnish Men and Women during Economic Boom and Recession]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Epidemiol.]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>165</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1070-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lundberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallsten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ottosson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hemmingsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Unemployment and mortality-a longitudinal prospective study on selection and causation in 49321 Swedish middle-aged men]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Epidemiol Community Health]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>22-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schinka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curtiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leventhal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bossarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lapcevic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[redictors of mortality in older homeless veterans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1103-19.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berkman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kawachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Epidemiology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<page-range>137-65</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The contribution of the social environment to host resistance]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Epidemiol.]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>107-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cobb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social support as a moderator of life stress]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Psychosom Med]]></source>
<year>1976</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>300-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joseph]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social participation and healthy ageing: a neglected, significant protective factor for chronic non communicable conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Global Health.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leist]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AK.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Social media use of older adults: a mini-review.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gerontology.]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>378-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lezama-Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Propuesta para un plan de acción en envejecimiento y salud]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[INGER]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chandola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh-Manoux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marmot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of control at home on CHD events in the Whitehall II study: Gender differences in psychosocial domestic pathways to social inequalities in CHD.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soc Sci Med]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>1501-9.</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuhrer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stansfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marmot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The importance of low control at work and home on depression and anxiety: Do these effects vary by gender and social class?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Soc Sci Med]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>783-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lachman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sense of control as a moderator of social class differences in Health and well- Being.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pers Soc Psychol.]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>763-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grundy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The socioeconomic status of older adults: How should we measure it in studies of health inequalities?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Epidemiol Community Health]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>895-904</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gruenewald]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seeman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karlamangla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarkisian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Allostatic load and frailty in older adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Geriatr Soc]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Bank</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Population Aging. Is Latin America ready?]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, DC ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Bank]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
