Avances en el desarrollo y conocimiento del cátodo Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ para celdas de combustible de óxido sólido de temperatura intermedia IT-SOFC
J. Alvarado-Flores y L. Ávalos-Rodríguez
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Facultad de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Santiago Tapia 403. Morelia, Michoacán. México, Tel.: +52 443 3223500 1115 e-mail: cedhryck@hotmail.com.
Received 3 December 2012 ]]> Accepted 22 March 2013
Resumen
Las celdas de combustible de óxido sólido (SOFC) convierten directamente la energía química de una reacción en electricidad de forma altamente eficiente. Actualmente, uno de los principales objetivos es reducir la temperatura de operación alrededor de los 500-800°C. De los beneficios obtenidos destacan la reducción de los problemas asociados con el sellado de la celda y la degradación térmica, lo que permite el uso de interconectores metálicos de bajo costo y suprimir las reacciones entre los componentes de la celda. Sin embargo, la actividad electroquímica del cátodo se deteriora drásticamente con la disminución de la temperatura por ejemplo en los electrodos base La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ. En este sentido, el cátodo se convierte en un factor limitante en la determinación del rendimiento total de la celda. Por lo tanto el desarrollo de nuevos electrodos con elevada actividad electrocatalítica para la reducción de oxígeno se convierte en una cuestión crítica para celdas SOFC de temperaturas intermedias (IT-SOFC). El óxido tipo perovskita Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ fue el primero reportado como material catódico con potencial aplicación en celdas IT-SOFC en el año 2004 por Shao y Haile. Después de eso, el cátodo BSCF ha atraído una considerable atención. En este artículo se examinan las investigaciones realizadas sobre el cátodo BSCF para celdas IT-SOFC. Se hace énfasis en el conocimiento y optimización de los materiales base BSCF. Se analizan las directrices en la búsqueda de la nueva generación de materiales catódicos para las celdas IT-SOFC.
Descriptores: Celda de combustible de óxido sólido de temperatura intermedia; cátodo Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ; reacción de reducción de oxígeno; perovskita.
Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) convert chemical energy directly into electric power in a highly efficient way. Lowering the operating temperature of SOFCs to around 500-800°C is one of the main goals in current SOFC research. The associated benefits include reducing the difficulties associated with sealing and thermal degradation, allowing the use of low cost metallic interconnectors and suppressing reactions between the cell components. However, the electrochemical activity ofthe cathode deteriorates dramatically with decreasing temperature for the typical La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-δ based electrodes. The cathode becomes the limiting factor in determining the overall cell performance. Therefore, the development of new electrodes with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction becomes a critical issue for intermediate temperature (IT)-SOFCs. Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ (BSCF) perovskite oxide was first reported as a potential IT-SOFC cathode material in 2004 by Shao and Haile. After that, the BSCF cathode has attracted considerable attention. This paper reviews the current research activities on BSCF based cathodes for IT-SOFCs. Emphasis will be placed on the understanding and optimization of BSCF based materials. The issues raised by the BSCF cathode are also presented and analyzed to provide some guidelines in the search for the new generation of cathode materials for IT-SOFCs.
Keywords: Intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell; cathode Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ; oxygen reduction reaction; perovskite.
]]> PACS: 82.47.Ed
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