Growth and morphology of tin nanoparticles obtained by the condensation of metal vapors
M. Francisco Melendreza and C. Vargas-Hernándezb,c
a Department of Materials Engineering (DIMAT), Faculty of Engineering, University of Concepción, 270 Edmundo, Larenas, Casilla 160-C, Conception, Chile 4070409.
b Laboratorio de Propiedades Ópticas de Materiales GTA-POM, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, A.A 127, Manizales, Colombia.
c International Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas 78249-0631. USA.
]]>Recibido el 23 de julio de 2012
Aceptado el 16 de octubre de 2012
Abstract
Tin nanoparticles (Sn-Nps) were synthesized using the metal vapor condensation technique (MVC) in a metallic atoms reactor. The parameters used for synthesis in this study were the following: distance to the metal evaporation center (MEC), metal evaporated moles (MEM), and frosting and defrosting temperatures of substrates. The Sn-Np depositions were carried out with Sn bulk over glass substrates positioned vertically at different angles and distances to the MEC. The Sn-Np characterization was performed by TEM, SEM, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and UV-Vis. The TEM micrographs evidenced particle sizes of 75 and 25 nm for depositions conducted at 3 and 10 cm above the MEC, respectively. The particle sizes depended significantly on the MEC, the substrate, and the MEM. The SAED revealed phases corresponding to SnO (tetragonal) and α-Sn in different crystalline orientations. The technique showed good reproducibility in terms of particle size, and it is an important source of nanostructured materials free of impurities, which are widely used for printing electronic circuits.
Keywords: Nanoparticles; thin film; metallic atoms.
Resumen
Nanopartículas de estaño fueron sintetizadas por la técnica de condensación de vapores metálicos (MVC) en un reactor de átomos metálicos. Los parámetros de síntesis fueron: distancia de los substratos respecto al centro de evaporación del metal (MEC), cantidad de moles evaporados del metal (MEM), tiempo de congelación y descongelación de los substratos antes de la evaporación del metal. El depósito de las nanopartículas se realizó) partiendo de Sn metálico, sobre substratos de vidrio colocados en posición vertical y en diferentes ángulos respecto al MEC. La caracterización se realizó por TEM, SEM, difracción de electrones de área seleccionada (SAED) y UV-Vis. Micrografías de TEM mostraron tamaños de partícula comprendidos entre 75 y 25 nm para distancias respecto al MEC de 3 y 10 cm, respectivamente. El tamaño de partícula dependió del MEC, el susbtrato y el MEM. La técnica SEAD reveló las fases correspondientes a SnO (tetragonal) y a-Sn en diferentes orientaciones cristalinas. La técnica empleada presento buena reproducibilidad en cuanto al tamaño de partícula y es una importante fuente de materiales nanoestructurados libres de impurezas, los cuales son muy utilizados para la impresión de circuitos electrónicos.
]]> Descriptores: Nanopartículas; películas delgadas; átomos metálicos
PACS: 68.55.ag; 68.65.-k; 81.16.-c
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Acknowledgements
This research was supported by Fondecyt 1040456. The authors would also like to thank Serveis Cientificotecnics of the Universitat de Barcelona, Spain for the use of the ESEM and AFM equipment. SEM and TEM analyses were performed at the Electron Microscopy laboratory of the Universidad de Concepción, International Center for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials University of Texas at San Antonio and the Laboratorio de Propiedades Ópticas de Materiales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Manizales.
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