<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2011000700016</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The production of optical waveguides by ion implantation: the case of rutile]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rickards]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trejo-Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flores-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golzarri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>57</volume>
<fpage>72</fpage>
<lpage>74</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2011000700016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2011000700016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2011000700016&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[With the purpose of developing optoelectronic devices, optical waveguides have been produced by ion implantation in many solids. The implantation process creates a damaged layer near the end of the ion trajectories, with a consequent reduction of density and index of refraction. This produces an optical barrier at a depth of a few microns, depending on the type of ion and its energy. The barrier and the surface constitute a planar waveguide. Rutile (TiO² tetragonal structure) single crystals were implanted with 7 MeV carbon ions using the Instituto de Fí­sica 3 MV Pelletron Accelerator, in the (100) and (001) directions, and Poly Allyl Diglycol Carbonate (PADC) as detection material. The waveguides were observed using the coupled prism technique, which indicated differences in the waveguides produced for different directions due to crystal anisotropy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En un gran número de sólidos se han producido guías de onda ópticas por implantación de iones, con el propósito de desarrollar dispositivos opto-electronicos. La implantación produce una capa con daños en la estructura, reduciendo la densidad y el índice de refracción. Esto da lugar a una barrera óptica a una profundidad de algunos micrómetros, dependiendo del tipo de ion y su energía. La barrera y la superficie forman una guía de onda. Se produjeron guías de onda planas en rutilo (TiO² con estructura tetragonal) por implantación de iones de carbono de 7 MeV con el Acelerador Pelletron del Instituto de Física de 3 MeV, en las direcciones (100) y (001), usando policarbonato allil diglicol (PADC) como material detector. Las guías de onda producidas fueron observadas usando la técnica de prisma acoplado, y se observaron diferencias debidas a la anisotropía de los cristales.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Optical waveguides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ion implantation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[rutile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Guías de onda ópticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[implantación de iones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rutilo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>The production of optical waveguides by ion implantation: the case of rutile</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>J. Rickards*, R. Trejo&#150;Luna, E. Flores&#150;Romero, J.I. Golzarri, and G. Espinosa**</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto de F&iacute;sica, Universidad Nacional Aut&oacute;noma de M&eacute;xico, Apartado Postal 20&#150;364, M&eacute;xico, D.F. M&eacute;xico, </i>e&#150;mails: * <a href="mailto:rickards@fisica.unam.mx">rickards@fisica.unam.mx</a>; ** <a href="mailto:espinosa@fisica.unam.mx">espinosa@fisica.unam.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 10 de marzo de 2010    <br> Aceptado el 31 de agosto de 2010</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">With the purpose of developing optoelectronic devices, optical waveguides have been produced by ion implantation in many solids. The implantation process creates a damaged layer near the end of the ion trajectories, with a consequent reduction of density and index of refraction. This produces an optical barrier at a depth of a few microns, depending on the type of ion and its energy. The barrier and the surface constitute a planar waveguide. Rutile (TiO<sup>2</sup> tetragonal structure) single crystals were implanted with 7 MeV carbon ions using the Instituto de F&iacute;sica 3 MV Pelletron Accelerator, in the (100) and (001) directions, and Poly Allyl Diglycol Carbonate (PADC) as detection material. The waveguides were observed using the coupled prism technique, which indicated differences in the waveguides produced for different directions due to crystal anisotropy.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Optical waveguides; ion implantation; rutile.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En un gran n&uacute;mero de s&oacute;lidos se han producido gu&iacute;as de onda &oacute;pticas por implantaci&oacute;n de iones, con el prop&oacute;sito de desarrollar dispositivos opto&#150;electronicos. La implantaci&oacute;n produce una capa con da&ntilde;os en la estructura, reduciendo la densidad y el &iacute;ndice de refracci&oacute;n. Esto da lugar a una barrera &oacute;ptica a una profundidad de algunos micr&oacute;metros, dependiendo del tipo de ion y su energ&iacute;a. La barrera y la superficie forman una gu&iacute;a de onda. Se produjeron gu&iacute;as de onda planas en rutilo (TiO<sup>2</sup> con estructura tetragonal) por implantaci&oacute;n de iones de carbono de 7 MeV con el Acelerador Pelletron del Instituto de F&iacute;sica de 3 MeV, en las direcciones (100) y (001), usando policarbonato allil diglicol (PADC) como material detector. Las gu&iacute;as de onda producidas fueron observadas usando la t&eacute;cnica de prisma acoplado, y se observaron diferencias debidas a la anisotrop&iacute;a de los cristales.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Gu&iacute;as de onda &oacute;pticas; implantaci&oacute;n de iones; rutilo.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 42.82; 41.75</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v57s1/v57s1a16.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The technical support of K. Lopez and F. Jaimes is gratefully acknowledged. This work was partially supported by PAPIIT&#150;DGAPA&#150;UNAM project 1N101910.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. P.D. Townsend, P.J. Chandler and L. Zhang. <i>Optical Effects of Ion Implantation </i>(Cambridge University Press, 1994).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8373663&pid=S0035-001X201100070001600001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. J.F. Ziegler, J.P Biersack, and U. Littmark. <i>The Stopping and Ranges of Ions in Solids </i>(Pergamon Press, 1985).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8373665&pid=S0035-001X201100070001600002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. G. Espinosa. <i>Trazas Nucleares en S&oacute;lidos </i>(UNAM, 1994).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8373667&pid=S0035-001X201100070001600003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. R.L. Fleisher, <i>Nuclear Tracks in Solids </i>(Principles and Applications University of California Press, 1975).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8373669&pid=S0035-001X201100070001600004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. P.J. Chandler and F.L. Lama, <i>&Oacute;ptica Acta </i><b>33</b> (1986) 127.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8373671&pid=S0035-001X201100070001600005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. F.L.Lama and P.J. Chandler, <i>J. Mod Optics </i><b>35</b> (1988) 1565.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8373673&pid=S0035-001X201100070001600006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body><back>
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</article>
