<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2008000900017</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The nuclear physics of neutron stars]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piekarewicz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Florida State University Department of Physics ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tallahassee FL]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<fpage>104</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000900017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000900017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000900017&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[A remarkable fact about spherically-symmetric neutron stars in hydrostatic equilibrium - the so-called Schwarzschild stars - is that the only physics that they are sensitive to is the equation of state of neutron-rich matter. As such, neutron stars provide a myriad of observables that may be used to constrain poorly known aspects of the nuclear interaction under extreme conditions of density. After discussing many of the fascinating phases encountered in neutron stars, I will address how powerful theoretical, experimental, and observational constraints may be used to place stringent limits on the equation of state of neutron-rich matter.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Un hecho sorprendente acerca de las estrellas de neutrones con simetría esférica y en equilibrio hidroestático - las llamadas estrellas de Schwarzschild - es que su dinámica solo depende de la ecuación de estado de materia nuclear asimétrica. Por lo tanto, las estrellas de neutrones proporcionan una gran diversidad de observables que pueden ser utilizadas para determinar las interacciones nucleares bajo condiciones extremas de densidad. Después de introducir varias fases presentes en las estrellas de neutrones, discutiré como usar argumentos teóricos, experimentales y observacionales para limitar la ecuación de estado de materia nuclear asimétrica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nuclear matter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neutron stars]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[effective interactions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Materia nuclear]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estrellas de neutrones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[interacciones efectivas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>The nuclear physics of neutron stars</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>J. Piekarewicz</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 13 de abril de 2008    <br> Aceptado el 23 de junio de 2008</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">A remarkable fact about spherically&#150;symmetric neutron stars in hydrostatic equilibrium &#151; the so&#150;called Schwarzschild stars &#151; is that the only physics that they are sensitive to is the equation of state of neutron&#150;rich matter. As such, neutron stars provide a myriad of observables that may be used to constrain poorly known aspects of the nuclear interaction under extreme conditions of density. After discussing many of the fascinating phases encountered in neutron stars, I will address how powerful theoretical, experimental, and observational constraints may be used to place stringent limits on the equation of state of neutron&#150;rich matter.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Nuclear matter; neutron stars; effective interactions.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Un hecho sorprendente acerca de las estrellas de neutrones con simetr&iacute;a esf&eacute;rica y en equilibrio hidroest&aacute;tico &#151; las llamadas estrellas de Schwarzschild &#151; es que su din&aacute;mica solo depende de la ecuaci&oacute;n de estado de materia nuclear asim&eacute;trica. Por lo tanto, las estrellas de neutrones proporcionan una gran diversidad de observables que pueden ser utilizadas para determinar las interacciones nucleares bajo condiciones extremas de densidad. Despu&eacute;s de introducir varias fases presentes en las estrellas de neutrones, discutir&eacute; como usar argumentos te&oacute;ricos, experimentales y observacionales para limitar la ecuaci&oacute;n de estado de materia nuclear asim&eacute;trica.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Materia nuclear; estrellas de neutrones; interacciones efectivas.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 21.65.+f; 26.60.+c; 21.30.Fe</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v54s3/v54s3a17.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The author is grateful to the organizers of the <i>XXXI Symposium on Nuclear Physics </i>for their kind invitation and hospitality. The author also wishes to acknowledge his many collaborators that were involved in this work &#151; especially Prof. C.J. Horowitz. This work was supported in part by United States Department of Energy under grant DE&#150;FD05&#150;92ER40750.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. G. Baym, C. Pethick, and P. Sutherland, <i>Astrophys. 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