<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2008000800018</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Aggregation behavior and rheology of culture broths of Rhodosorus marinus]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Básaca-Loya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burboa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gámez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goycoolea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A04"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Millán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Investigación en Polímeros y Materiales  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Física  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Sonora Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hermosillo Sonora]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A04">
<institution><![CDATA[,CIAD Laboratorio de Biopolímeros ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Hermosillo Sonora]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<fpage>119</fpage>
<lpage>126</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000800018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000800018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000800018&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We report the growth and rheological behavior of culture broths of the red microalga Rhodosorus marinus, important as a source of phyco-biliproteins. The growing process of the culture broth was controlled with and without a carbon dioxide aeration process. By dynamic light scattering measurements, we investigate the cell-exopolysaccharide (EPS) aggregation at different times of the culture broth and simultaneously, the hydrodynamic radius of the EPS in the supernatant was measured. The results indicate that the cell-EPS aggregation achieves a maximum at the stabilization stage of the culture time and at the end of the growing process, most of the cells remain disaggregated. Measurements of apparent viscosity on both, culture medium and supernatant during the growing process showed a viscoelastic behavior and give a reasonable indication of the cell and EPS maximum growth. The dry cell biomass and EPS production of Rhodosorus marinus resulted independent of the carbon dioxide aeration and were 5.7 g/l and 4.1 g/l, respectively. These are important results, compared with the ones obtained with similar microalgae.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este trabajo reportamos el crecimiento y el comportamiento reológico de cultivos de la microalga roja Rhodosorus marinus, la cual es una fuente importante de ficobiliproteínas. El proceso de aeración de los cultivos fue controlado en presencia y en ausencia de dióxido de carbono. Por medio de dispersión dinámica de luz investigamos la agregación de células con exopolisacáridos (EPS) producidos por las microalgas a diferentes tiempos del crecimiento de los cultivos. Simultaneamente, determinamos el radio hidrodinámico de los EPS en el sobrenadante de los cultivos. Los resultados indican que la agregación células-EPS logra un máximo en la etapa de estabilización de los cultivos y al final del proceso de crecimiento la mayoría de las células permanecen desagregadas, como consecuencia de reacciones de degradación celular o/y desagregación de EPS. Mediciones de viscosidad de los cultivos de microalgas y los correspondientes sobrendanates durante el proceso de crecimiento, mostraron un comportamiento viscoelástico y dan una indicación razonable del máximo crecimiento de las células y el EPS. Los resultados de la biomasa seca de Rhodosorus marinus y la producción de EPS resultaron ser independientes del método de aeración y fueron 5.7 g/l y 4.1 g/l, respectivamente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Microalgae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rhodosorus marinus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[viscosity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[light scattering]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[exopolysachharides]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microalgas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rhodosorus marinus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[viscosidad dispersión de luz]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exopolisacáridio]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Aggregation behavior and rheology of culture broths of Rhodosorus marinus </b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>A. B&aacute;saca&#150;Loya<b><b><b><b>&ordf;</b></b></b></b><b><b></b></b> <i>, </i>M.G. Burboa<b><b><b>&ordf;</b></b></b><sup>,c</sup>, M.A. Valdez *<sup>,<b><b><b><b>&ordf;</b></b></b></b><b><b></b></b>,</sup><sup>b</sup>, R. G&aacute;mez<sup><b><b><b>&ordf;</b></b></b>,b</sup>, F.M. Goycoolea<sup>d</sup>, L.E. Guti&eacute;rrez&#150;Mill&aacute;n&ordf;<sup>,c</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>&ordf; Departamento de Investigaci&oacute;n en Pol&iacute;meros y Materiales, </i>e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:adrianabasaca@correoa.uson.mx">adrianabasaca@correoa.uson.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:rogelio@correo.fisica.uson.mx">rogelio@correo.fisica.uson.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b</sup> Departamento de F&iacute;sica, </i>e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:mvaldez@correo.fisica.uson.mx">mvaldez@correo.fisica.uson.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>c</sup> Departamento de Investigaciones Cient&iacute;ficas y Tecnol&oacute;gicas (DICTUS), Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales, Col. Centro, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, M&eacute;xico. </i>e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:mburboa@correom.uson.mx">mburboa@correom.uson.mx</a>, <a href="mailto:legtz@guaymas.uson.mx">legtz@guaymas.uson.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>d</sup> Laboratorio de Biopol&iacute;meros. CIAD, AC. Carretera a La Victoria Km 0.6, 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, M&eacute;xico </i>e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:fmgoycoolea@yahoo.com">fmgoycoolea@yahoo.com</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>*. Corresponding author: </b>    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br>     <i>Departamento de F&iacute;sica, Universidad de Sonora,     <br> Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales, Col. Centro,     <br> C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, M&eacute;xico,     <br> Tel.: +662 2592108; fax: +662 2592109, </i>    <br> e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:Valdez@fisica.uson.mx">Valdez@fisica.uson.mx</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 14 de noviembre de 2007    <br> Aceptado el 28 de marzo de 2008</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We report the growth and rheological behavior of culture broths of the red microalga <i>Rhodosorus marinus, </i>important as a source of phyco&#150;biliproteins. The growing process of the culture broth was controlled with and without a carbon dioxide aeration process. By dynamic light scattering measurements, we investigate the cell&#150;exopolysaccharide (EPS) aggregation at different times of the culture broth and simultaneously, the hydrodynamic radius of the EPS in the supernatant was measured. The results indicate that the cell&#150;EPS aggregation achieves a maximum at the stabilization stage of the culture time and at the end of the growing process, most of the cells remain disaggregated. Measurements of apparent viscosity on both, culture medium and supernatant during the growing process showed a viscoelastic behavior and give a reasonable indication of the cell and EPS maximum growth. The dry cell biomass and EPS production <i>of Rhodosorus marinus </i>resulted independent of the carbon dioxide aeration and were 5.7 g/l and 4.1 g/l, respectively. These are important results, compared with the ones obtained with similar microalgae.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Microalgae; Rhodosorus marinus; viscosity; light scattering; exopolysachharides.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este trabajo reportamos el crecimiento y el comportamiento reol&oacute;gico de cultivos de la microalga roja <i>Rhodosorus marinus, </i>la cual es una fuente importante de ficobiliprote&iacute;nas. El proceso de aeraci&oacute;n de los cultivos fue controlado en presencia y en ausencia de di&oacute;xido de carbono. Por medio de dispersi&oacute;n din&aacute;mica de luz investigamos la agregaci&oacute;n de c&eacute;lulas con exopolisac&aacute;ridos (EPS) producidos por las microalgas a diferentes tiempos del crecimiento de los cultivos. Simultaneamente, determinamos el radio hidrodin&aacute;mico de los EPS en el sobrenadante de los cultivos. Los resultados indican que la agregaci&oacute;n c&eacute;lulas&#150;EPS logra un m&aacute;ximo en la etapa de estabilizaci&oacute;n de los cultivos y al final del proceso de crecimiento la mayor&iacute;a de las c&eacute;lulas permanecen desagregadas, como consecuencia de reacciones de degradaci&oacute;n celular o/y desagregaci&oacute;n de EPS. Mediciones de viscosidad de los cultivos de microalgas y los correspondientes sobrendanates durante el proceso de crecimiento, mostraron un comportamiento viscoel&aacute;stico y dan una indicaci&oacute;n razonable del m&aacute;ximo crecimiento de las c&eacute;lulas y el EPS. Los resultados de la biomasa seca de <i>Rhodosorus marinus </i>y la producci&oacute;n de EPS resultaron ser independientes del m&eacute;todo de aeraci&oacute;n y fueron 5.7 g/l y 4.1 g/l, respectivamente.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Microalgas; Rhodosorus marinus; viscosidad dispersi&oacute;n de luz; exopolisac&aacute;ridio.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 36.20.Cw; 47.54.Fj; 83.85.Cg; 87.19.rh</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v54s2/v54s2a18.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgments</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work was supported by the Consejo nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog&iacute;a CONACyT (M&eacute;xico) under grant Sep&#150;2004&#150;C01&#150;46749. A scholarship from CONACyT to A. B&aacute;saca &#150;Loya is gratefully acknowledged.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. E. Eteashola, M. Karpasas, S. Arad, and M. 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