<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2008000500002</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Boundary element analysis for primary and secondary creep problems]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda León]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aliabadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz-Dominguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Escuela Superior de Ingeniería y Arquitectura ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Imperial College London Department of Aeronautical Engineering ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[London ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional SEPI-ESIME ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México D.F.]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>341</fpage>
<lpage>348</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000500002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000500002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2008000500002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper presents the application of the Boundary Element Method to primary and secondary creep problems in a two-dimensional analysis. The domain, where the creep phenomena takes place, is discretized into quadratic, quadrilateral, continuous internal cells. The creep analysis is basically applied to metals, that are capable of modeling secondary and primary creep behaviour. This is confined to standard power law creep equations. Constant applied loads are used to demonstrate time effects. Numerical results are compared with solutions obtained from the Finite Element Method (FEM) and references.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Este artículo presenta la aplicación del Método de Elementos de Frontera a problemas del creep primarios y secundarios para un análisis en dos dimensiones. El dominio, donde el fenómeno del creep se genera, es dicretizado con celdas internas cuadriláteras cuadráticas continuas. El análisis del creep es básicamente aplicado a metales, que son capaces de modelar el comportamiento primario y secundario del creep. Dicho comportamiento está limitado a ecuaciones de la ley de potencia del creep. Se aplican cargas constantes para demostrar los efectos del tiempo. Los resultados numéricos son comparados con soluciones obtenidas del Método de Elementos Finitos y referencias.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Creep]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[boundary element method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[finite element method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Creep]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elementos de frontera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[elementos finitos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Boundary element analysis for primary and secondary creep problems</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>E. Pineda Le&oacute;n&ordf;, <b>M.H. Aliabadi</b></b><b><sup>b</sup><b> and <b>M. Ortiz&#150;Dominguez<sup>c</sup></b></b></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>&ordf; Escuela Superior de Ingenier&iacute;a y Arquitectura, Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico Nacional, U.P. Adolfo L&oacute;pez Mateos, Zacatenco, 07738, M&eacute;xico D.F., M&eacute;xico, </i>e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:epinedal@ipn.mx">epinedal@ipn.mx</a>.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b </sup>Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington campus, London SW7 2AZ.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>c </sup>Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico Nacional. SEPI&#150;ESIME, U.P. Adolfo L&oacute;pez Mateos, Zacatenco, 07738, M&eacute;xico D.F., M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 11 de abril de 2007    <br> Aceptado el 7 de julio de 2008</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This paper presents the application of the Boundary Element Method to primary and secondary creep problems in a two&#150;dimensional analysis. The domain, where the creep phenomena takes place, is discretized into quadratic, quadrilateral, continuous internal cells. The creep analysis is basically applied to metals, that are capable of modeling secondary and primary creep behaviour. This is confined to standard power law creep equations. Constant applied loads are used to demonstrate time effects. Numerical results are compared with solutions obtained from the Finite Element Method (FEM) and references.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Creep; boundary element method; finite element method</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Este art&iacute;culo presenta la aplicaci&oacute;n del M&eacute;todo de Elementos de Frontera a problemas del creep primarios y secundarios para un an&aacute;lisis en dos dimensiones. El dominio, donde el fen&oacute;meno del creep se genera, es dicretizado con celdas internas cuadril&aacute;teras cuadr&aacute;ticas continuas. El an&aacute;lisis del creep es b&aacute;sicamente aplicado a metales, que son capaces de modelar el comportamiento primario y secundario del creep. Dicho comportamiento est&aacute; limitado a ecuaciones de la ley de potencia del creep. Se aplican cargas constantes para demostrar los efectos del tiempo. Los resultados num&eacute;ricos son comparados con soluciones obtenidas del M&eacute;todo de Elementos Finitos y referencias.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Creep; elementos de frontera; elementos finitos. </font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 62.20.Hg; 43.20.Rz; 47.1 l.Fg</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v54n5/v54n5a2.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The authors wish to thank Dr. Alejandro Rodriguez Castellanos for his valuable cooperation in this paper.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. M.H. 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