<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2007001000022</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Group averaging and the Ashtekar-Horowitz model]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Colima Facultad de Ciencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Colima ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<fpage>118</fpage>
<lpage>120</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007001000022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007001000022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007001000022&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[We investigate refined algebraic quantisation of the constrained Hamiltonian system known as the Ashtekar-Horowitz model. We study two versions of this model which are defined on a two-torus and on a cylinder, respectively. The dimension of the physical Hilbert space depends on the topological structure of the model. In particular, we see that for the compact version of the model the representation of the physical observable algebra is irreducible for generic potentials but decomposes into irreducible subrepresentations for certain special potentials. The superselection sectors are related to singularities in the reduced phase space and to the rate of divergence in the formal group averaging integral. For both versions, there is no tunnelling into the classically forbidden region of the unreduced configuration space.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En este artículo se investiga la cuantización algebraica refinada del sistema Hamiltoniano con constricciones conocido como el modelo de Ashtekar-Horowitz. Se estudian dos versiones de dicho modelo, las cuales están definidas en un toro de dos dimensiones y en un cilindro, respectivamente. La dimensión del espacio de Hilbert físico depende de la estructura topológica del modelo. En particular, se encuentra que en la versión compacta del modelo la representación del álgebra de los observables físicos es irreducible para ciertos potenciales genéricos pero se descompone en sub-representaciones irreducibles para ciertos potenciales especiales. Los sectores de superselección están relacionados tanto con las singularidades en el espacio fase reducido, así como con el grado de divergencia en las integrales al promediar sobre el grupo. En ambas versiones, no hay tunelamiento en las regiones del espacio no reducido de configuración prohibidas clásicamente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Group averaging]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[constrained systems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[superselection sectors]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Promedio sobre el grupo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistemas con constricciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ectores de superselección]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Group averaging and the Ashtekar&#150;Horowitz model</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Alberto Molgado</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Colima, </i><i>Bernal D&iacute;az del Castillo 340, Col. Villas San Sebasti&aacute;n, 28045 Colima, M&eacute;xico, e&#150;mail: <a href="mailto:albertom@ucol.mx" target="_blank">albertom@ucol.mx</a></i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 1 de mayo de 2006    <br>   Aceptado el 1 de noviembre de 2006</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">We investigate refined algebraic quantisation of the constrained Hamiltonian system known as the Ashtekar&#150;Horowitz model. We study two versions of this model which are defined on a two&#150;torus and on a cylinder, respectively. The dimension of the physical Hilbert space depends on the topological structure of the model. In particular, we see that for the compact version of the model the representation of the physical observable algebra is irreducible for generic potentials but decomposes into irreducible subrepresentations for certain special potentials. The superselection sectors are related to singularities in the reduced phase space and to the rate of divergence in the formal group averaging integral. For both versions, there is no tunnelling into the classically forbidden region of the unreduced configuration space.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Group averaging; constrained systems; superselection sectors.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En este art&iacute;culo se investiga la cuantizaci&oacute;n algebraica refinada del sistema Hamiltoniano con constricciones conocido como el modelo de Ashtekar&#150;Horowitz. Se estudian dos versiones de dicho modelo, las cuales est&aacute;n definidas en un toro de dos dimensiones y en un cilindro, respectivamente. La dimensi&oacute;n del espacio de Hilbert f&iacute;sico depende de la estructura topol&oacute;gica del modelo. En particular, se encuentra que en la versi&oacute;n compacta del modelo la representaci&oacute;n del &aacute;lgebra de los observables f&iacute;sicos es irreducible para ciertos potenciales gen&eacute;ricos pero se descompone en sub&#150;representaciones irreducibles para ciertos potenciales especiales. Los sectores de superselecci&oacute;n est&aacute;n relacionados tanto con las singularidades en el espacio fase reducido, as&iacute; como con el grado de divergencia en las integrales al promediar sobre el grupo. En ambas versiones, no hay tunelamiento en las regiones del espacio no reducido de configuraci&oacute;n prohibidas cl&aacute;sicamente.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>Promedio sobre el grupo; sistemas con constricciones; sectores de superselecci&oacute;n. </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 04.60.Kz; 03.65.Fd</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v53s4/v53s4a22.pdf">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">I thank Jorma Louko for collaboration and discussions.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. A. Ashtekar, and G.T. Horowitz,<i> Phys. Rev. D </i><b>26</b> (1982) 3342.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; </font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8394660&pid=S0035-001X200700100002200001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. M. Henneaux and C. Teitelboim, <i>Quantization of Gauge Systems </i>(Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1992).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8394661&pid=S0035-001X200700100002200002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. D.   Giulini,   <i>Nucl.   Phys.   Proc.   Suppl.      </i><b>88</b>   (2000)   385, (ArXiv:gr&#150;qc/00 03 04 0).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8394662&pid=S0035-001X200700100002200003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. D.    Marolf,     <i>The   Ninth   Marcel   Grossmann    meeting   : Proceedings,   </i>edited   by   V.G.   Gurzadyan,   R.T.   Jantzen, and    R.    Ruffini    (World    Scientific,     Singapore,    2002), (ArXiv:gr&#150;qc/0011112).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8394663&pid=S0035-001X200700100002200004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. D.G. Boulware, <i>Phys. Rev. D </i><b>28</b> (1983) 414.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8394664&pid=S0035-001X200700100002200005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. J. Louko and A. Molgado, <i>Class. Quantum Grav. </i><b>22</b> (2005) 4007, (ArXiv:gr&#150;qc/0505097).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8394665&pid=S0035-001X200700100002200006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. R. Wong, <i>Asymptotic approximations of integrals, </i>Classics in Applied Mathematics Vol. 34 (SIAM, Philadelphia, 2001).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8394666&pid=S0035-001X200700100002200007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. J. Louko, (ArXiv:gr&#150;qc/051207).</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8394667&pid=S0035-001X200700100002200008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashtekar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<numero>D 26</numero>
<issue>D 26</issue>
<page-range>3342</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henneaux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teitelboim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Quantization of Gauge Systems]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University PressPrinceton]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giulini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nucl. Phys. Proc]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>88^sSuppl</numero>
<issue>88^sSuppl</issue>
<supplement>Suppl</supplement>
<page-range>385</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marolf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurzadyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jantzen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruffini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Ninth Marcel Grossmann meeting: Proceedings]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Singapore ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Scientific]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boulware]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Phys. Rev]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<numero>D 28</numero>
<issue>D 28</issue>
<page-range>414</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Louko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Class. Quantum Grav]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>4007</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Asymptotic approximations of integrals, Classics in Applied Mathematics]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Philadelphia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SIAM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Louko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
