<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2007000900024</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A simplified rietveld code for quantitative phase analysis: development, test and application to uranium mineral So]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes-Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.E]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2007</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>53</volume>
<fpage>108</fpage>
<lpage>112</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007000900024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007000900024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2007000900024&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[As part of a team project about geological sampling in the environment of the city of Chihuahua, x-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis of different rock types is required. The most accepted technique to perform quantitative XRD phase analysis is the well-known Rietveld method. Rietveld codes (Fullprof, Rietan, Rietica, DBWS, Topas,...), oriented to a complete characterization of the diffraction pattern (from crystal structure to texture and crystal size investigation) have been developed by several authors. The majority of these codes show a high level of automation, but application may be long and troublesome anyway. False minima and instabilities during software running are recognized problems and represent current working lines of specialized groups. As the samples considered in the present geological investigation are particularly difficult for the Rietveld technique, it was decided to develop a program that performs phase analysis by an alternative route, with a degree of automation between Rietveld and the so-called Direct Comparison Method. The Basic Rietveld-ENhanced Diffraction Analysis (BRENDA) code has been developed and tested. BRENDA uses structure-factor (and other theoretical parameters) calculations from well-established diffraction codes (Fullprof, PowderCell), refines experimental diffraction peaks' profiles and intensities by means of a robust algorithm and determines phases' concentrations. Application of BRENDA code to computer-simulated problems, NIST standards and geological samples is divulged. Discrepancies with calibration figures are of the order of declared uncertainties. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered diffraction methods are discussed. In practice, being only half-automated gives the user more control of the refinement process and leads to an overall economy of time and higher reliability.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Como parte de un proyecto en equipo de muestreo geológico en los alrededores de la ciudad de Chihuahua, se realiza análisis de fases por difracción de rayos x (DRX) de diferentes rocas, las cuales presentan particularidades respecto de las fases existentes en las bases de datos cristalográficos. Por ejemplo, los feldespatos muchas veces vienen como soluciones sólidas de diferentes tipos, en lugar de fases de un feldespato único y definido. La técnica más aceptada para realizar análisis de fases por DRX es el conocido método de Rietveld, cuya aplicación puede ser larga y engorrosa, y del cual se profundizará más adelante. El programa más empleado para este tipo de trabajo es el Fullprof, de Juan Rodríguez Carvajal. Debido a que nuestras muestras son particularmente difíciles para hacerles Rietveld y a que el Fullprof, con frecuencia, da problemas de estabilidad, se decidio hacer un programa que realiza análisis de fases por una vía alternativa, intermedia entre Rietveld y Comparación Directa, más rápida y estable que el primero y más versátil que el segundo. Se desarrolló y se puso a prueba el programa Brenda (Basic Rietveld ENhanced Diffraction Analysis) el cual hace análisis de fases siguiendo los criterios recién descritos. Se presenta la aplicacion de BRENDA a muestras virtuales, estándares NIST y materiales geológicos. Las discrepancias están en el orden de las incertidumbres declaradas. Se discuten las ventajas y desventajas de los métodos considerados. En la práctica, ser sólo parcialmente automatizado permite al usuario llevar un mejor control del proceso de refinamiento y conduce a un balance global favorable en cuanto a economía de tiempo y confiabilidad.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Quantitative phase analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rietveld]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[uranium minerals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis cuantitativo de fases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Rietveld]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[minerales de uranio]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>A simplified rietveld code for quantitative phase analysis: development, test and application to uranium mineral So</b></font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>L. Fuentes-Montero, E. Torres, M.E. Montero, and L. Fuentes</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Centro de Investigaci&oacute;n en Materiales Avanzados, Chihuahua, M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 2 de marzo de 2006	    <br> Aceptado el 18 de agosto de 2006</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">As part of a team project about geological sampling in the environment of the city of Chihuahua, x-ray diffraction (XRD) phase analysis of different rock types is required. The most accepted technique to perform quantitative XRD phase analysis is the well-known Rietveld method. Rietveld codes (Fullprof, Rietan, Rietica, DBWS, Topas,...), oriented to a complete characterization of the diffraction pattern (from crystal structure to texture and crystal size investigation) have been developed by several authors. The majority of these codes show a high level of automation, but application may be long and troublesome anyway. False minima and instabilities during software running are recognized problems and represent current working lines of specialized groups. As the samples considered in the present geological investigation are particularly difficult for the Rietveld technique, it was decided to develop a program that performs phase analysis by an alternative route, with a degree of automation between Rietveld and the so-called Direct Comparison Method. The Basic Rietveld-ENhanced Diffraction Analysis (BRENDA) code has been developed and tested. BRENDA uses structure-factor (and other theoretical parameters) calculations from well-established diffraction codes (Fullprof, PowderCell), refines experimental diffraction peaks' profiles and intensities by means of a robust algorithm and determines phases' concentrations. Application of BRENDA code to computer-simulated problems, NIST standards and geological samples is divulged. Discrepancies with calibration figures are of the order of declared uncertainties. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered diffraction methods are discussed. In practice, being only half-automated gives the user more control of the refinement process and leads to an overall economy of time and higher reliability.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords: </b>Quantitative phase analysis; Rietveld; uranium minerals.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Como parte de un proyecto en equipo de muestreo geol&oacute;gico en los alrededores de la ciudad de Chihuahua, se realiza an&aacute;lisis de fases por difracci&oacute;n de rayos x (DRX) de diferentes rocas, las cuales presentan particularidades respecto de las fases existentes en las bases de datos cristalogr&aacute;ficos. Por ejemplo, los feldespatos muchas veces vienen como soluciones s&oacute;lidas de diferentes tipos, en lugar de fases de un feldespato &uacute;nico y definido. La t&eacute;cnica m&aacute;s aceptada para realizar an&aacute;lisis de fases por DRX es el conocido m&eacute;todo de Rietveld, cuya aplicaci&oacute;n puede ser larga y engorrosa, y del cual se profundizar&aacute; m&aacute;s adelante. El programa m&aacute;s empleado para este tipo de trabajo es el Fullprof, de Juan Rodr&iacute;guez Carvajal. Debido a que nuestras muestras son particularmente dif&iacute;ciles para hacerles Rietveld y a que el Fullprof, con frecuencia, da problemas de estabilidad, se decidio hacer un programa que realiza an&aacute;lisis de fases por una v&iacute;a alternativa, intermedia entre Rietveld y Comparaci&oacute;n Directa, m&aacute;s r&aacute;pida y estable que el primero y m&aacute;s vers&aacute;til que el segundo. Se desarroll&oacute; y se puso a prueba el programa Brenda (Basic Rietveld ENhanced Diffraction Analysis) el cual hace an&aacute;lisis de fases siguiendo los criterios reci&eacute;n descritos. Se presenta la aplicacion de BRENDA a muestras virtuales, est&aacute;ndares NIST y materiales geol&oacute;gicos. Las discrepancias est&aacute;n en el orden de las incertidumbres declaradas. Se discuten las ventajas y desventajas de los m&eacute;todos considerados. En la pr&aacute;ctica, ser s&oacute;lo parcialmente automatizado permite al usuario llevar un mejor control del proceso de refinamiento y conduce a un balance global favorable en cuanto a econom&iacute;a de tiempo y confiabilidad.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores: </b>An&aacute;lisis cuantitativo de fases; Rietveld; minerales de uranio.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 61.10.-i</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v53s3/v53s3a24.pdf">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     ]]></body>
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