<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2006000900023</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Dielectric study of plasticization and antiplasticization effects in Cretaceous samples from Eastern and Western Venezuela]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aldana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costanzo-Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sequera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Simón Bolívar Departamento de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Simón Bolívar Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2006</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<fpage>81</fpage>
<lpage>84</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000900023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000900023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2006000900023&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[In this work we have studied plasticization and antiplasticization effects using the thermal stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) technique in rocks samples from Cretaceous strata located in North-Eastern (group A) and South-Western (group B) Venezuela . Drying and rehydration treatments show that the dielectric relaxation peaks of both groups are associated with the physisorbed moisture trapped at different sites in the material. In the samples from group A, drying treatments shift the peaks to higher temperatures. Rehydration treatments move the peaks towards lower temperatures and increase the intensity of the peaks. This could be explained in terms of water molecules acting as a plasticizer, that hint the molecular reorientation by increasing the free volume. Concerning the temperature shifting of the peaks the opposite behavior is observed in samples from group B. This antiplasticization effect could be explained in terms of dynamic interactions and restrictions between the sorbed water molecules and the complex polarizable entities of the material.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Se presenta en este trabajo un estudio de efectos de antiplastificación y plastificación usando corrientes de depolarización estimuladas térmicamente (TSDC) en muestras de rocas de estratos Cretácicos localizados en el Noreste (grupo A) y Sureste (grupo B) de Venezuela. Tratamientos de secado y rehidratación indican que los picos de relajación dieléctrica de ambos grupos están asociados a moléculas de agua atrapadas en sitios distintos en el material. En las muestras del grupo A, los tratamientos de secado desplazan los picos hacia altas temperaturas. Los tratamientos de rehidratación los mueven hacia bajas temperaturas, aumentando su intensidad. Esto puede explicarse en términos de moléculas de agua actuando como un plastificador, que facilitan la reorientación molecular aumentando el volumen libre. Con relación al desplazamiento de los picos en temperatura el efecto contrario es observado en muestras del grupo B. Este efecto antiplastificador podría explicarse en términos de interacciones dinámicas y restricciones entre las moléculas de agua absorbidas y las complejas entidades polarizables del material.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Structural relaxation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[TSDC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[plasticization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antiplasticization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Relajación estructural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[TSDC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[plastificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antiplastificación]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">F&iacute;sica del Petr&oacute;lero</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Dielectric study of plasticization and antiplasticization effects in Cretaceous samples from Eastern and Western Venezuela</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>N. Su&aacute;rez&ordf;, M. Aldana<sup>b</sup>, V. Costanzo&#150;Alvarez<sup>b</sup>, and M. Sequera<sup>b</sup></b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>&ordf;  Departamento de F&iacute;sica, Universidad Sim&oacute;n Bol&iacute;var, </i><i>Apartado postal 89000, Sartenejas, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b</sup>Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad Simon Bol&iacute;var, </i><i>Apartado postal 89000, Sartenejas, Edo. Miranda, Venezuela</i></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 24 de noviembre de 2003    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> Aceptado el 1 de junio de 2004</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">In this work we have studied plasticization and antiplasticization effects using the thermal stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) technique in rocks samples from Cretaceous strata located in North&#150;Eastern (group A) and South&#150;Western (group B) Venezuela . Drying and rehydration treatments show that the dielectric relaxation peaks of both groups are associated with the physisorbed moisture trapped at different sites in the material. In the samples from group A, drying treatments shift the peaks to higher temperatures. Rehydration treatments move the peaks towards lower temperatures and increase the intensity of the peaks. This could be explained in terms of water molecules acting as a plasticizer, that hint the molecular reorientation by increasing the free volume. Concerning the temperature shifting of the peaks the opposite behavior is observed in samples from group B. This antiplasticization effect could be explained in terms of dynamic interactions and restrictions between the sorbed water molecules and the complex polarizable entities of the material.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:   </b>Structural relaxation; TSDC; plasticization; antiplasticization.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Se presenta en este trabajo un estudio de efectos de antiplastificaci&oacute;n y plastificaci&oacute;n usando corrientes de depolarizaci&oacute;n estimuladas t&eacute;rmicamente (TSDC) en muestras de rocas de estratos Cret&aacute;cicos localizados en el Noreste (grupo A) y Sureste (grupo B) de Venezuela. Tratamientos de secado y rehidrataci&oacute;n indican que los picos de relajaci&oacute;n diel&eacute;ctrica de ambos grupos est&aacute;n asociados a mol&eacute;culas de agua atrapadas en sitios distintos en el material. En las muestras del grupo A, los tratamientos de secado desplazan los picos hacia altas temperaturas. Los tratamientos de rehidrataci&oacute;n los mueven hacia bajas temperaturas, aumentando su intensidad. Esto puede explicarse en t&eacute;rminos de mol&eacute;culas de agua actuando como un plastificador, que facilitan la reorientaci&oacute;n molecular aumentando el volumen libre. Con relaci&oacute;n al desplazamiento de los picos en temperatura el efecto contrario es observado en muestras del grupo B. Este efecto antiplastificador podr&iacute;a explicarse en t&eacute;rminos de interacciones din&aacute;micas y restricciones entre las mol&eacute;culas de agua absorbidas y las complejas entidades polarizables del material.</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b>  Relajaci&oacute;n estructural; TSDC; plastificaci&oacute;n; antiplastificaci&oacute;n. </font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS:  77.22.Gm</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v52s3/v52s3a23.pdf">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>     <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. A.P. Mathew and A. Dufresne, <i>Biomacromolecules </i><b>3</b> (2002) 1101.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8379296&pid=S0035-001X200600090002300001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. P. Bergquist <i>et al., Macromolecules </i><b>32</b> (1999) 7925.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8379297&pid=S0035-001X200600090002300002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. R.E. Cais <i>et al., Macromolecules </i><b>25</b> (1992) 4588.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8379298&pid=S0035-001X200600090002300003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">4. V. Costanzo&#150;Alvarez <i>et al., Phys. Chem. Earth (A) </i><b>24</b> (1999) 763.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8379299&pid=S0035-001X200600090002300004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">5. A. Anagnostopoulou&#150;Konsta and P. Pissis, <i>J. of Phys. D: App.</i><i>&nbsp;<i>Phys. </i></i><b>20</b> (1987) 1168.&nbsp;</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8379300&pid=S0035-001X200600090002300005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">6. A. Kyritsis and P. Pissis, <i> <i>J. Polym. Sci.: Polym. Phys </i></i><b>35</b> (1997) 1101.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8379301&pid=S0035-001X200600090002300006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">7. K.L. Ngai<i> et al., Macromolecules </i><b>24</b> (1991) 61.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8379302&pid=S0035-001X200600090002300007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">8. C. Xiao <i><i>et al., Macromolecules </i></i><b>32</b> (1999) 7913.</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8379303&pid=S0035-001X200600090002300008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">9. M. Aldana <i>et al., J. of Polym. Sci.: Polym. Phys. </i><b>32</b> (1994)  &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8379304&pid=S0035-001X200600090002300009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> ]]></body><back>
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