<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2004000200009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Order/disorder in brain electrical activity]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figliola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Buenos Aires Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Instituto de Cálculo]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></addr-line>
<country>Argentina</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2004</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>149</fpage>
<lpage>155</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2004000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2004000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2004000200009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The processing of information by the brain is reflected in dynamical changes of the electrical activity in time, frequency, and space. Therefore, the concomitant studies require methods capable of describing the quantitative variation of the signal in both time and frequency. Here we present a quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis, based on the Orthogonal Discrete Wavelet Transform (ODWT), of generalized epileptic tonic-clonic EEG signals. Two quantifiers: the Relative Wavelet Energy (RWE) and the Normalized Total Wavelet Entropy (NTWS) have been used. The RWE gives information about the relative energy associated with the different frequency bands present in the EEG and their corresponding degree of importance. The NTWS is a measure of the order/disorder degree in the EEG signal. These two quantifiers were computing in EEG signals as provided by scalp electrodes of epileptic patients. We showed that the epileptic recruitment rhythm observed for generalized epileptic tonic-clonic seizures is accurately described by the RWE quantifier. In addition, a significant decrease in the NTWS was observed in the recruitment epoch, indicating a more rhythmic and ordered behavior in the brain electrical activity.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El procesamiento de la información por el cerebro se refleja en los cambios dinámicos de la actividad eléctrica en tiempo, frecuencia, y forma espacial. Por consiguiente, para caracterizar la actividad eléctrica se requieren métodos capaces de describir la variación cuantitativa de estas señales en el tiempo y también en los cambios en sus componentes frecuenciales. En el este trabajo presentamos un análisis EEG cuantitativo (qEEG), basado en la Trasformada Wavelet Discreta Ortogonal (ODWT), para señales EEG correspondientes a crisis epilepticas tonico-clinico generalizadas. Dos cuantificadores son usados: la Energía Wavelet Relativa (RWE) y la Entropía Wavelet Total Normalizada (NTWS). La RWE provee información sobre la energía relativa asociada con las distintas bandas de frecuencia presentes en el EEG y su correspondiente grado de importancia. La NTWS ofrece una medida del orden/desorden en el señal EEG. Estos dos cuantificadores fueron evaluados para señales EEG provistas por electrodos de superficie en pacientes epilépticos. Se muestra que el ritmo de reclutamiento epiléptico observado en crisis epilépticas tonico-clonica generalizadas es descripto con presición mediante el uso del cuantificador RWE. Además de esto, un decrecimiento significativo en los valores del quantificador NTWS es obsevado durante la etapa de reclutamiento epiléptico, poniendo en evidencia un comportamiento mas rítmico y ordenado de la actividad eléctrica cerebral.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[EEG]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epileptic seizures]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[time-frequency signal analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[wavelet analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[signal entropy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[EEG]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crisis epilépticas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis tiempo-frecuencia de señales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis wevelets]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[entroía de una señal]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Order/disorder in brain electrical activity</b></font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>O.A. Rosso* y A. Figliola</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>Instituto de C&aacute;lculo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Pabell&oacute;n II, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428 Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.</i> *<a href="mailto:rosso@ic.fcen.uba.ar">rosso@ic.fcen.uba.ar</a>, <a href="mailto:rosso@ba.net">rosso@ba.net</a>; <a href="mailto:figliola@ic.fcen.uba.ar">figliola@ic.fcen.uba.ar</a>, <a href="mailto:afigliol@ungs.edu.ar">afigliol@ungs.edu.ar</a>.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 6 de marzo de 03.    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> 	Aceptado el 21 de octubre de 03.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The processing of information by the brain is reflected in dynamical changes of the electrical activity in time, frequency, and space. Therefore, the concomitant studies require methods capable of describing the quantitative variation of the signal in both time and frequency. Here we present a quantitative EEG (qEEG) analysis, based on the Orthogonal Discrete Wavelet Transform (ODWT), of generalized epileptic tonic&#45;clonic EEG signals. Two quantifiers: the <i>Relative Wavelet Energy</i> (RWE) and the <i>Normalized Total Wavelet Entropy</i> (NTWS) have been used. The RWE gives information about the relative energy associated with the different frequency bands present in the EEG and their corresponding degree of importance. The NTWS is a measure of the order/disorder degree in the EEG signal. These two quantifiers were computing in EEG signals as provided by scalp electrodes of epileptic patients. We showed that the epileptic recruitment rhythm observed for generalized epileptic tonic&#45;clonic seizures is accurately described by the RWE quantifier. In addition, a significant decrease in the NTWS was observed in the recruitment epoch, indicating a more rhythmic and ordered behavior in the brain electrical activity.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> EEG; epileptic seizures; time&#45;frequency signal analysis; wavelet analysis; signal entropy.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">El procesamiento de la informaci&oacute;n por el cerebro se refleja en los cambios din&aacute;micos de la actividad el&eacute;ctrica en tiempo, frecuencia, y forma espacial. Por consiguiente, para caracterizar la actividad el&eacute;ctrica se requieren m&eacute;todos capaces de describir la variaci&oacute;n cuantitativa de estas se&ntilde;ales en el tiempo y tambi&eacute;n en los cambios en sus componentes frecuenciales. En el este trabajo presentamos un an&aacute;lisis EEG cuantitativo (qEEG), basado en la Trasformada Wavelet Discreta Ortogonal (ODWT), para se&ntilde;ales EEG correspondientes a crisis epilepticas tonico&#45;clinico generalizadas. Dos cuantificadores son usados: la Energ&iacute;a Wavelet Relativa (RWE) y la Entrop&iacute;a Wavelet Total Normalizada (NTWS). La RWE provee informaci&oacute;n sobre la energ&iacute;a relativa asociada con las distintas bandas de frecuencia presentes en el EEG y su correspondiente grado de importancia. La NTWS ofrece una medida del orden/desorden en el se&ntilde;al EEG. Estos dos cuantificadores fueron evaluados para se&ntilde;ales EEG provistas por electrodos de superficie en pacientes epil&eacute;pticos. Se muestra que el ritmo de reclutamiento epil&eacute;ptico observado en crisis epil&eacute;pticas tonico&#45;clonica generalizadas es descripto con presici&oacute;n mediante el uso del cuantificador RWE. Adem&aacute;s de esto, un decrecimiento significativo en los valores del quantificador NTWS es obsevado durante la etapa de reclutamiento epil&eacute;ptico, poniendo en evidencia un comportamiento mas r&iacute;tmico y ordenado de la actividad el&eacute;ctrica cerebral.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Descriptores:</b> EEG; crisis epil&eacute;pticas, an&aacute;lisis tiempo&#45;frecuencia de se&ntilde;ales; an&aacute;lisis wevelets; entro&iacute;a de una se&ntilde;al.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 87.80.Tq; 05.45.Tp; 05.20.&#45;y</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v50n2/v50n2a9.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">This work was partially supported by CONICET (PIP 0029/98), Argentina and the International Office of BMBF (ARG&#45;4&#45;G0A&#45;6A), Germany. The authors thank A. Rabinowicz of the Instituto de Investigaciones Neurol&oacute;gicas Ra&uacute;l Carrera (FLENI), Argentina, for useful comments and the providing of the EEG recordings used in this work. The continuous support and stimulation of Prof. Dr. G. D. Pacal is gratefully acknowledged.</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">&nbsp;</font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>  	    <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">*. Corresponding author. Tel.: +54&#45;11&#45;4576 3375; fax: +54&#45;11&#45;4786 8114.</font></p>  	    <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1.&nbsp;E. Niedermeyer and F.H. 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