<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2003000600004</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Circular ultrasonic transducer characterization: theoretical and experimental results]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leija]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A03"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Investigaciones en Matemáticas Aplicadas y Sistemas Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas Computacionales y Automatización]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Cibernética, Matemática y Física  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[La Habana ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cuba</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A03">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Politécnico Nacional Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Sección de Bioelectrónica]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>511</fpage>
<lpage>518</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2003000600004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2003000600004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2003000600004&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Acoustic pressure fields generated by pulsed ultrasonic transducers under different boundary conditions are analyzed. Numerical simulations of the near-field pressure were evaluated considering rigid and soft baffles as boundary conditions. These field simulations were perfomed using the temporal convolution between the numerical derivative of the impulse response and the longitudinal wave velocity for both cases. Experimental pressure data were obtained by measuring the peak, peak to peak and root mean squared voltages. Simulated and experimental results were compared to investigate the temporal behavior of the acoustic signal as well as their spatial distribution on planes parallel to the transducer face. Special attention is given to the Fresnel region where the diffraction effect affects the pressure field measurements. Experimental readings were done using circular transducers with the same geometric characteristics and with resonant frequencies of 3.5 MHz and 5 MHz.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[En el presente trabajo se analiza la influencia de las condiciones de frontera en la distribución de presiones acústicas debido a la excitación impulsional de transductores ultrasónicos. Las simulaciones numéricas de la distribución de presiones en el campo cercano han sido desarrolladas considerando a los bafles rígido y suave como condiciones de frontera. Estos campos simulados han sido desarrollados en función de la convolución temporal entre la velocidad longitudinal de la cara del transductor y la derivada de la respuesta al impulso para ambas condiciones de frontera. Datos experimentales fueron obtenidos adquiriendo la serial eléctrica punto a punto y así obteniendo los voltajes pico, pico-pico y cuadrático medio. Los resultados experimentales y simulados son comparados para investigar el comportamiento temporal de las señales acústicas, así como sus distribuciones espaciales en planos paralelos a la superficie de los transductores. El experimento se enfocó en la región Fresnel donde el efecto de difracción, debido a los bordes de los transductores, afecta a la distribución de la presión acústica. Las lecturas experimentales fueron realizadas considerando transductores ultrasónicos circulares con las mismas características geométricas y frecuencias de resonancia de 3.5 MHz y 5 MHz.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Impulse response method]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acoustic pressure distribution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ultrasonic transducer characterization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Respuesta al impulso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[campo de radiación acústica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[caracterización de transductores]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>Circular ultrasonic transducer characterization: theoretical and experimental results</b></font></p>      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>L. Medina<sup>a</sup>, E. Moreno<sup>b</sup>, G. Gonz&aacute;lez<sup>c</sup>, and L. Leija<sup>c</sup></b></font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>a</sup> Departamento de Ingenier&iacute;a de Sistemas Computacionales y Automatizaci&oacute;n, Instituto de Investigaciones en Matem&aacute;ticas Aplicadas y Sistemas. UNAM, Circuito Escolar, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, M&eacute;xico D. F., M&eacute;xico.</i></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>b</sup> Instituto de Cibern&eacute;tica, Matem&aacute;tica y F&iacute;sica (ICIMAF), La Habana Cuba.</i></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i><sup>c</sup> Secci&oacute;n de Bioelectr&oacute;nica, Departamento de Ingenier&iacute;a El&eacute;ctrica, CINVESTAV, Av. Instituto Polit&eacute;cnico Nacional 2508, C.P. 07360 M&eacute;xico D.F.</i></font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 30 de julio de 2002.     <br>   Aceptado el 9 de abril de 2003.</font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Acoustic pressure fields generated by pulsed ultrasonic transducers under different boundary conditions are analyzed. Numerical simulations of the near&#45;field pressure were evaluated considering rigid and soft baffles as boundary conditions. These field simulations were perfomed using the temporal convolution between the numerical derivative of the impulse response and the longitudinal wave velocity for both cases. Experimental pressure data were obtained by measuring the peak, peak to peak and root mean squared voltages. Simulated and experimental results were compared to investigate the temporal behavior of the acoustic signal as well as their spatial distribution on planes parallel to the transducer face. Special attention is given to the Fresnel region where the diffraction effect affects the pressure field measurements. Experimental readings were done using circular transducers with the same geometric characteristics and with resonant frequencies of 3.5 MHz and 5 MHz.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Impulse response method; acoustic pressure distribution; ultrasonic transducer characterization.</font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">En el presente trabajo se analiza la influencia de las condiciones de frontera en la distribuci&oacute;n de presiones ac&uacute;sticas debido a la excitaci&oacute;n impulsional de transductores ultras&oacute;nicos. Las simulaciones num&eacute;ricas de la distribuci&oacute;n de presiones en el campo cercano han sido desarrolladas considerando a los bafles r&iacute;gido y suave como condiciones de frontera. Estos campos simulados han sido desarrollados en funci&oacute;n de la convoluci&oacute;n temporal entre la velocidad longitudinal de la cara del transductor y la derivada de la respuesta al impulso para ambas condiciones de frontera. Datos experimentales fueron obtenidos adquiriendo la serial el&eacute;ctrica punto a punto y as&iacute; obteniendo los voltajes pico, pico&#45;pico y cuadr&aacute;tico medio. Los resultados experimentales y simulados son comparados para investigar el comportamiento temporal de las se&ntilde;ales ac&uacute;sticas, as&iacute; como sus distribuciones espaciales en planos paralelos a la superficie de los transductores. El experimento se enfoc&oacute; en la regi&oacute;n Fresnel donde el efecto de difracci&oacute;n, debido a los bordes de los transductores, afecta a la distribuci&oacute;n de la presi&oacute;n ac&uacute;stica. Las lecturas experimentales fueron realizadas considerando transductores ultras&oacute;nicos circulares con las mismas caracter&iacute;sticas geom&eacute;tricas y frecuencias de resonancia de 3.5 MHz y 5 MHz.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> Respuesta al impulso; campo de radiaci&oacute;n ac&uacute;stica; caracterizaci&oacute;n de transductores.</font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 43.20.Bi; 43.25.Qp; 43.35.Yb</font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v49n6/v49n6a4.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Acknowledgements</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">The authors would like to thank to the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT&#45;31959A), the M&eacute;xico&#45;Cuba program, the Ibero&#45;American Ultrasonic Techonology Network (MAGIAS&#45;RITUL UNESCO: 3304&#45;3307) and the National University of M&eacute;xico (PAPIIT&#45;IN105900). We also want to thank Mr Eliseo D&iacute;az Nacar, Mr Nelson Castillo Collazo and Mr Francisco C&aacute;rdenas Flores for their technical assistance.</font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. G.S. Kino, <i>Acoustic waves: devices, imaging and analog signal processing</i> (Prentice&#45;Hall, Inc., New Jersey, 1987).    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8298034&pid=S0035-001X200300060000400001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body>
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