<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0035-001X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de física]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. fis.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0035-001X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Física]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0035-001X2003000500009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[On the figure eight orbit of the three-body problem]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lonngi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Departamento de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Iztapalapa Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Departamento de Física ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Iztapalapa Distrito Federal]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<fpage>439</fpage>
<lpage>444</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0035-001X2003000500009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0035-001X2003000500009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0035-001X2003000500009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[A new solution to the three-body problem interacting through gravitational forces with equal masses and zero angular momentum, has been recently discovered. This is a periodic symmetric orbit where the particles follow a figure eight trajectory in the plane. They alternate between six isosceles-aligned positions and six isosceles triangle positions in a periodic orbit composed by twelve equivalent segments. The condition of zero angular momentum is considered assuming that the three masses can be equal or different, yielding in both cases the same final expression for the kinetic energy. We found that the property of this orbit of having isosceles configurations, is a general feature to be found in any orbit of the equal-mass case, associated with an increase of &#960;/6 in one angle of our set of coordinates. The figure-eight solution is determined by expanding two of our coordinates in a Fourier series of that angle, by using the Jacobi-Maupertuis principle as opposed to the standard Lagrangian action. The time and the angle conjugated to the angular momentum are also expressed in terms of that same angle.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Recientemente se descubrió una solución nueva del problema de tres cuerpos que interaccionan mediante fuerzas gravitacionales entre masas iguales y con momento angular cero. Se trata de una órbita simétrica periódica, en la cual las partículas siguen la misma trayectoria con forma de ocho en el plano. Hay una alternancia entre seis posiciones isósceles alineadas y seis posiciones triangulares isósceles en la órbita, compuesta por doce segmentos equivalentes. La condición de momento angular cero se considera con el supuesto de que las tres masas pueden ser iguales o diferentes, dando lugar en ambos casos a la misma expresión final para la energía cinética. Encontramos que la propiedad de esta órbita de tener configuraciones isósceles, es una característica general que se encuentra en cualquier órbita del caso de masas iguales, asociada con un incremento de &#960;/6 en un ángulo de nuestro conjunto de coordenadas. La trayectoria con forma de ocho se obtiene mediante la expresión de dos de nuestras coordenadas como una serie de Fourier de dicho ángulo, haciendo uso del principio de Jacobi-Maupertuis en lugar de la acción estándar de Lagrange. El tiempo y el ángulo conjugado al momento angular se encuentran también en términos del mismo ángulo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Three-body problem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[zero angular momentum]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[equal-mass case]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[figure-eight orbit]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Jacobi's action]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Problema de tres cuerpos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[momento angular nulo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[caso de masas iguales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[órbita con forma de ocho]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[forma de Jacobi del principio de Maupertuis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[ <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="4">Investigaci&oacute;n</font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="4"><b>On the figure eight orbit of the three&#45;body problem</b></font></p>      <p align="center">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="center"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>E. Pi&ntilde;a* and P. Lonngi**</b></font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>* Departamento de F&iacute;sica, Universidad Aut&oacute;noma Metropolitana &#45; Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55 534, M&eacute;xico, D. F., 09340 M&eacute;xico,</i> e&#45;mail: <a href="mailto:pge@xanum.uam.mx">pge@xanum.uam.mx</a></font></p>       <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><i>** Departamento de F&iacute;sica, Universidad Aut&oacute;noma Metropolitana &#45; Iztapalapa, Apartado Postal 55 534, M&eacute;xico, D. F., 09340 M&eacute;xico,</i> e&#45;mail: <a href="mailto:plov@xanum.uam.mx">plov@xanum.uam.mx</a></font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recibido el 6 de marzo de 2003.    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> Aceptado el 31 de marzo de 2003.</font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Abstract</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">A new solution to the three&#45;body problem interacting through gravitational forces with equal masses and zero angular momentum, has been recently discovered. This is a periodic symmetric orbit where the particles follow a figure eight trajectory in the plane. They alternate between six isosceles&#45;aligned positions and six isosceles triangle positions in a periodic orbit composed by twelve equivalent segments. The condition of zero angular momentum is considered assuming that the three masses can be equal or different, yielding in both cases the same final expression for the kinetic energy. We found that the property of this orbit of having isosceles configurations, is a general feature to be found in any orbit of the equal&#45;mass case, associated with an increase of &#960;/6 in one angle of our set of coordinates. The figure&#45;eight solution is determined by expanding two of our coordinates in a Fourier series of that angle, by using the Jacobi&#45;Maupertuis principle as opposed to the standard Lagrangian action. The time and the angle conjugated to the angular momentum are also expressed in terms of that same angle.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Keywords:</b> Three&#45;body problem; zero angular momentum; equal&#45;mass case; figure&#45;eight orbit; Jacobi's action.</font></p>      <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Resumen</b></font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">Recientemente se descubri&oacute; una soluci&oacute;n nueva del problema de tres cuerpos que interaccionan mediante fuerzas gravitacionales entre masas iguales y con momento angular cero. Se trata de una &oacute;rbita sim&eacute;trica peri&oacute;dica, en la cual las part&iacute;culas siguen la misma trayectoria con forma de ocho en el plano. Hay una alternancia entre seis posiciones is&oacute;sceles alineadas y seis posiciones triangulares is&oacute;sceles en la &oacute;rbita, compuesta por doce segmentos equivalentes. La condici&oacute;n de momento angular cero se considera con el supuesto de que las tres masas pueden ser iguales o diferentes, dando lugar en ambos casos a la misma expresi&oacute;n final para la energ&iacute;a cin&eacute;tica. Encontramos que la propiedad de esta &oacute;rbita de tener configuraciones is&oacute;sceles, es una caracter&iacute;stica general que se encuentra en cualquier &oacute;rbita del caso de masas iguales, asociada con un incremento de &#960;/6 en un &aacute;ngulo de nuestro conjunto de coordenadas. La trayectoria con forma de ocho se obtiene mediante la expresi&oacute;n de dos de nuestras coordenadas como una serie de Fourier de dicho &aacute;ngulo, haciendo uso del principio de Jacobi&#45;Maupertuis en lugar de la acci&oacute;n est&aacute;ndar de Lagrange. El tiempo y el &aacute;ngulo conjugado al momento angular se encuentran tambi&eacute;n en t&eacute;rminos del mismo &aacute;ngulo.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>Palabras clave:</b> Problema de tres cuerpos; momento angular nulo; caso de masas iguales; &oacute;rbita con forma de ocho; forma de Jacobi del principio de Maupertuis.</font></p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">PACS: 45.10.&#45;b; 45.10.Db;45.50.Jf</font></p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>     <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><a href="/pdf/rmf/v49n5/v49n5a9.pdf" target="_blank">DESCARGAR ART&Iacute;CULO EN FORMATO PDF</a></font></p>     <p align="justify">&nbsp;</p>      <p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2"><b>References</b></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">1. C. Moore, <i>Phys. Rev. Lett.</i> 70 (1993) 3675.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8297547&pid=S0035-001X200300050000900001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">2. A. Chenciner and R. Montgomery, <i>Annals</i> <i>of</i> <i>Mathematics</i> 152 (2000) 881.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8297549&pid=S0035-001X200300050000900002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      <!-- ref --><p align="justify"><font face="verdana" size="2">3. E. Pi&ntilde;a, <i>Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy</i> 74 (1999) 163.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=8297551&pid=S0035-001X200300050000900003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --></font></p>      ]]></body>
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<surname><![CDATA[Hsiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Geometric study of the three body problem]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berkeley ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of California]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
