<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0028-3746</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Neumología y cirugía de tórax]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Neumol. cir. torax]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0028-3746</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas; Sociedad Cubana de Neumología; Sociedad Paraguaya de Neumología; Sociedad Boliviana de Neumología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0028-37462025000200005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/nct.m25000020</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Tabaquismo, vapeo y comorbilidades asociadas a desenlaces adversos de COVID-19]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Smoking, vaping, and comorbidities associated with adverse COVID-19 outcomes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thirión-Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ireri]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Llamazares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osio-Echánove]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jennifer]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Padilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rogelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Departamento de Fisiología y Terapia Respiratoria Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Department of Medicine Division of Respirology and Sleep Medicine Queen's University]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Kingston ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canadá</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>111</fpage>
<lpage>117</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0028-37462025000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0028-37462025000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0028-37462025000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La pandemia de enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) ha puesto en evidencia el papel determinante de factores individuales, como comorbilidades preexistentes y conductas de riesgo, en la evolución clínica de los pacientes infectados por coronavirus 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo grave (SARS-CoV-2). Este artículo revisa la evidencia actual sobre el impacto del tabaquismo, el vapeo y diversas comorbilidades en los desenlaces adversos asociados a la infección. El receptor viral ECA2 (enzima convertidora de la angiotensina 2) y su sobreexpresión en personas fumadoras podría facilitar la entrada viral y agravar el cuadro clínico. Asimismo, se analizan los mecanismos fisiopatológicos comunes entre la exposición a nicotina y la progresión de la COVID-19, incluyendo el estrés oxidativo, la disfunción inmunitaria y la inflamación sistémica. Varias comorbilidades frecuentes se asocian con mayor riesgo de hospitalización, ingreso a cuidados intensivos, síndrome post-COVID-19 y mortalidad como la hipertensión, la diabetes mellitus, la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), la enfermedad cardiovascular, la insuficiencia renal crónica, obesidad y enfermedades neurovasculares, y pueden relacionarse también con la persistencia de síntomas tras la fase aguda. Se concluye que la coexistencia de comorbilidades y la exposición a productos con nicotina representan factores de riesgo modificables, cuya atención debe ser prioritaria. Se recomienda reforzar las estrategias de prevención, vigilancia clínica y promoción de la cesación tabáquica como elementos clave para reducir la carga de enfermedad en poblaciones vulnerables.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the critical role of individual factors, such as pre-existing comorbidities and risk behaviors, in the clinical progression of patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This article reviews current evidence on the impact of smoking, vaping, and various comorbidities on adverse outcomes associated with the infection. The ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) receptor and its overexpression in smokers may facilitate viral entry and worsen clinical outcomes. The shared pathophysiological mechanisms between nicotine exposure and COVID-19 progression are analyzed, including oxidative stress, immune dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. Common comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, obesity, and neurovascular conditions are associated with an increased risk of hospitalization, admission to intensive care units, post-COVID-19 syndrome, and mortality and may also be related to persistent symptoms after the acute phase. The coexistence of comorbidities and exposure to nicotine--containing products represents a modifiable risk factor that warrants urgent attention. Strengthening prevention strategies, clinical monitoring, and tobacco cessation promotion are recommended as key measures to reduce disease burden among vulnerable populations.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tabaquismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cigarro electrónico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Comorbilidades]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tobacco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[E-cigarette]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Comorbidities]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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