<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0028-3746</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Neumología y cirugía de tórax]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Neumol. cir. torax]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0028-3746</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Neumología y Cirugía de Tórax; Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas; Sociedad Cubana de Neumología; Sociedad Paraguaya de Neumología; Sociedad Boliviana de Neumología.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0028-37462019000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Experiencia en el tratamiento conservador y quirúrgico en niños con secuelas y complicaciones enfisematosas secundaria a ventilación mecánica: serie de casos y revisión de la literatura]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Experience in the conservative and surgical treatment in children with sequels and emphysematous complications secondary to mechanical ventilation: series of cases and review of the literature]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sancho-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rogelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas-Schacht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alva-Chaire]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solorio-Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lizbeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Pediatría  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pediatría Integral y Terapia Respiratoria  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>10</fpage>
<lpage>19</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0028-37462019000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0028-37462019000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0028-37462019000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción: La enfermedad enfisematosa intersticial es un grupo de afecciones que condicionan atrapamiento ectópico de aire en el intersticio pulmonar del niño en el contexto de un proceso infeccioso y el daño secundario generado por la ventilación mecánica. Se propone una clasificación clínica-radiológica-funcional que permita una orientación diagnóstica y terapéutica.  Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo y observacional en una serie de casos con 13 pacientes con los diagnósticos de enfermedad enfisematosa intersticial confirmados por patología y por la evaluación radiológica y funcional. Se dividieron en tres grupos: enfisema lobar intersticial adquirido (ELIA), enfisema intersticial neonatal (EIN) y enfisema intersticial y barotrauma (EIB). Se excluyeron las causas congénitas, se investigaron factores infecciosos y de ventilación mecánica, respuesta a estrategias conservadoras y quirúrgicas, mortalidad y complicaciones.  Resultados:  En 3 del grupo ELIA se diagnosticaron bronquiolitis obliterante y enfisema intersticial persistente, se practicó resección pulmonar con evolución satisfactoria y en otro biopsia diagnóstica con evolución insidiosa de su vasculopatía hipertensiva; EIN: 4, en 3 la lobectomía erradicó la hipertensión y el cortocircuito pulmonar y se evitó la progresión de la displasia broncopulmonar, y otro respondió al manejo conservador con ventilación de alta frecuencia; en el EIB: 6 recibieron tratamiento con drenaje pleural y representan el grupo de mayor letalidad asociado a neumonía y a presiones ventilatorias elevadas.  Conclusiones: Esta clasificación permite una orientación diagnóstica y terapéutica: el grupo ELIA y EIN muestran mejoría pronóstica con la resección pulmonar si las opciones conservadoras han fallado. En el grupo EIB se recomienda el manejo conservador y estrategias ventilatorias suaves.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  Interstitial emphysematous disease (IED) is a group of conditions that affect ectopic air trapping in the pulmonary interstitium of the child in the context of an infectious process and secondary damage generated by mechanical ventilation; a functional-radiological-clinical classification that allows a diagnostic and therapeutic approach is proposed.  Methods:  A descriptive, retrospective and observational study in cases series with 13 patients with diagnoses confirmed by pathology IED and radiological and functional evaluation. They were divided into 3 groups: interstitial lobar emphysema acquired (ILEA), neonatal interstitial emphysema (NIE) and interstitial emphysema and barotrauma (IEB), congenital causes were excluded, infectious and mechanical ventilation factors, response to conservative and surgical approaches, mortality and complications were investigated.  Results:  In ILEA group: 3 persistent bronchiolitis obliterans diagnosed interstitial emphysema, pulmonary resection was performed with satisfactory outcome and other diagnostic biopsy with insidious evolution of their hypertensive vascular disease; NIE: 4, 3 lobectomy eradicated hypertension and pulmonary short circuit and progression broncodisplasia avoided, and another responded to conservative management with high frequency ventilation; IEB: 6 were treated with pleural drainage and represent the largest group lethality associated with pneumonia and a high ventilatory pressures.  Conclusions:  This classification allows a diagnostic and therapeutic orientation: ILEA and NIE group forecasts show improvement with lung resection if conservative options have failed; In the EIB group, conservative management and mild ventilatory strategies are recommended.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfisema intersticial pulmonar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[barotrauma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfisema lobar intersticial adquirido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[enfisema intersticial neonatal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fuga aérea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pulmonary interstitial emphysema]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[barotrauma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lobar emphysema acquired]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[neonatal interstitial emphysema]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[air leak]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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