<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0026-1742</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. Med. (Méx.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0026-1742</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Medicina]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0026-17422021000400007</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/fm.24484865e.2021.64.4.02</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Infección del sistema nervioso por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Nervous system infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez del Sobral Sinitsyna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Río Quiñones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel Alejandro del]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaca Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Medicina Departamento de Fisiología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Fisiología Celular Departamento de Biología Celular y del Desarrollo]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>7</fpage>
<lpage>24</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0026-17422021000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0026-17422021000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0026-17422021000400007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El síndrome respiratorio agudo severo es ocasionado por los coronavirus SARS-CoV. Los coronavirus SARS-CoV y SARS- CoV-2 se unen al receptor de angiotensina 2 (ECA2), que se localiza en el tejido epitelial y el endotelio vascular del cuerpo humano. Los efectos devastadores de la COVID-19 incluyen los vasos sanguíneos, el cerebro, el tracto gastrointestinal, los riñones, el corazón y el hígado. La tromboembolia, la coagulación intravascular diseminada, el daño cardiaco y la falla multiorgánica son complicaciones que aparecen de forma directa o indirecta con la COVID-19. Como otros coronavirus, el SARS-CoV-2 produce manifestaciones neurológicas. El epitelio olfatorio es la vía principal de acceso del virus al cuerpo, razón por la cual la pérdida del olfato y gusto es frecuente en la COVID leve. Sin embargo, la infección por el SARS-CoV-2 no cursa con rinorrea o congestión nasal, a diferencia de los coronavirus endémicos. Los síntomas nerviosos de la COVID-19 son variados e incluyen dolor de cabeza, mareos, enfermedad cerebrovascular aguda, epilepsia, trastornos psiquiátricos, encefalitis, neuropatía, embolia y manifestaciones asociadas al sistema nervioso periférico como hiposmia/anosmia, hipoageusia/ageusia, dolor muscular, desmielinización y síndrome de Guillian-Barre, entre otros. A la fecha, no se han encontrado respuestas definitivas que expliquen el amplio espectro de los efectos del SARS-CoV-2 en el sistema nervioso. En esta revisión se abordan los mecanismos fisiopatológicos principales que se han propuesto hasta le fecha, con la finalidad de entender mejor las posibles causas de las manifestaciones neurológicas a corto y largo plazo de los pacientes con COVID-19.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome is caused by SARS-CoV coronaviruses. SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 bind to angiotensin receptor 2 (ECA2), which is located in the epithelial tissue and vascular endothelium of the human body. The devastating effects of COVID-19 affect the blood vessels, lung, brain, gastrointestinal tract, kidney, heart and liver. Thromboembolism, intravascular coagulation, heart damage and multiple organ failure are complications that appear directly or indirectly with COVID-19. Like other coronaviruses, SARS-CoV-2 provokes neurological manifestations. The olfactory epithelium is the main route of access to the body for SARS-CoV-2 and causes smell and taste loss. A SARS-CoV-2 infection does not lead to rhinorrhea or nasal congestion, unlike endemic coronavirus. The nervous symptoms of COVID-19 are varied and include headache, dizziness, acute cerebrovascular disease, epilepsy, psychiatric disorders, encephalitis, neuropathy, embolism and manifestations associated with the peripheral nervous system such as hyposmia/anosmia, hypoageusia/ageusia, muscle pain, demyelination and Guilliam-Barre syndrome, among others. Currently, no definitive answers have been found to explain the broad spectrum of effects of SARS- CoV-2 on the nervous system. This review addresses the main pathophysiological mechanisms that have been proposed in order to better understand the causes of short and long term of the neurological manifestations of COVID-19.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[receptor de angiotensina 2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema nervioso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inflamación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[angiotensin receptor 2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nervous system]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inflammation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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