<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-7169</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Geofísica internacional]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Geofís. Intl]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-7169</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Geofísica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-71692021000400280</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2021.60.4.1949</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Magnetic parameters and paleoclimate: A case study of loess deposits of North-East of Iran]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haskouei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fereshteh M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alimohammadian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Habib]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabouri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jafar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Isfahan  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Isfahan ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[México City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Geological Survey of Iran Department of Paleontology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tehran ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iran</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>280</fpage>
<lpage>293</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-71692021000400280&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-71692021000400280&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-71692021000400280&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Environmental magnetism techniques enable us to reconstruct paleoclimate conditions in some deposition such as losses. The magnetic properties of minerals are used as proxies for environmental changes. For this study, loess/paleosol sequence of Kolet section at Neka, north-east of Iran were magnetically investigated. We applied environmental magnetism methods, to reconstruct paleoclimate changes. We investigated relationship between paleoclimate changes and environmental magnetism proxies like magnetic susceptibility (&#967;) variation. The laboratory techniques indicated the presence of main factor of magnetic property in loess/paleosol sequence, such as magnetite, maghemite and etc. We also estimated magnetically parameters (like SIRM, HIRM and etc.) to confirm concentrations of both aeolian and pedogenic particles versus variations of magnetic susceptibility enhancement. The &#967; values show prominent peaks for the three well developed soil and paleosol horizons, Recent Soil (S0), Upper Paleosol (S1) and Lower Paleosol (S2); which refer to warmer and wetter conditions. As result, we concluded that the increase/decreasing of magnetic susceptibility is coinciding with palaeosol/loess sequence, and probably with humid/arid conditions. Moreover, variations of magnetic susceptibility versus lithological column of Kolet section enabled us to recognize paleoclimatically periods known as interglacial/glacial cycles. We plotted variation of magnetic susceptibility (MS), Natural Remnant Magnetization (NRM), Frequency Dependent Susceptibility (&#967;fd) and &#967;fd% versus lithological plot of the loess profile to confirm loess/paleosol deposits of Kolet section bear magnetic particles. Then, we applied the obtained magnetic data as variation of magnetic susceptibility (MS) to indicate that there have been glacial/interglacial periods during over the past 50 ka. Hence, during this period of time, there are three major glacial occurrences in the study area. Also, we conclude there was no main glaciation occurrence since last 20.5 ka.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las técnicas de magnetismo ambiental nos permiten reconstruir las condiciones del paleoclima para obtener resultados como las pérdidas. Las propiedades magnéticas de los minerales se utilizan como sustitutos de los cambios ambientales. En este estudio se investigó la secuencia magnética de loess-paleosol de la sección de Kolet en Neka, al noreste de Irán. Fueron aplicados métodos de magnetismo ambiental para reconstruir los cambios del paleoclima. Se investigó la relación entre los cambios del paleoclima y los proxies del magnetismo ambiental como la variación de la susceptibilidad magnética (&#967;). Las técnicas de laboratorio indicaron la presencia del factor principal de propiedad magnética en la secuencia de loess-paleosol, como magnetita, maghemita, etc. También, se estimó magnéticamente parámetros (como SIRM, HIRM, etc.) para confirmar concentraciones de partículas tanto eólicas como pedogénicas frente a variaciones de la mejora de la susceptibilidad magnética. Los valores de &#967; muestran picos prominentes para los tres horizontes de suelos y paleosuelos bien desarrollados, Suelo reciente (S0 por sus siglas en inglés), Paleosol superior (S1, por sus siglas en inglés) y Paleosol inferior (S2, por sus siglas en inglés); que se refieren a condiciones más cálidas y húmedas. Como resultado se obtuvo que el aumento/disminución de la susceptibilidad magnética coincide con la secuencia paleosol-loess, y probablemente con condiciones húmedas/áridas. Además, las variaciones de la susceptibilidad magnética versus la columna litológica de la sección de Kolet permitieron reconocer períodos paleoclimáticos conocidos como ciclos interglaciares/glaciales. Se trazó la variación de la susceptibilidad magnética (MS, por sus siglás en inglés), la magnetización del remanente natural (NRM, por sus siglás en inglés), la susceptibilidad dependiente de la frecuencia (&#967;fd) y de &#967;fd% versus la gráfica litológica del perfil de loess para confirmar que los depósitos de loess/paleosol de la sección de Kolet tienen partículas magnéticas. Luego, aplicamos los datos magnéticos obtenidos como variación de susceptibilidad magnética (MS, por sus siglás en inglés) para indicar que ha habido períodos glaciales/interglaciares durante los últimos 50 ka. Por lo tanto, durante este período de tiempo, hay tres ocurrencias glaciares importantes en el área de estudio. Además, concluimos que no hubo ocurrencia de glaciaciones principales desde los últimos 20.5 ka.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Loess Magnetism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Magnetic parameters]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Palaeoclimate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Interglacial/glacial periods]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neka and Iran]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Magnetismo de Loess]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Parámetros magnéticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paleoclima]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Períodos interglaciares/glaciares]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neka e Irán]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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