<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-3813</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta médica de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac. Méd. Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-3813</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Nacional de Medicina de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-38132024000400006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/gmm.m24000884</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Prevalencia de inestabilidad microsatelital en pacientes con cáncer gástrico y de la unión gastroesofágica en un país latinoamericano]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Prevalence of microsatellite instability in gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer patients from a Latin American country]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Motta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrete-Tobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messa-Botero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pineda-Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garciandía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabella]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño-De Vivero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bruges-Maya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Tratamiento e Investigación sobre Cáncer Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo  Unidad Funcional de Radioterapia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Centro Javeriano de Oncología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Javeriano de Oncología Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Departamento de Radioterapia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro de Tratamiento e Investigación sobre Cáncer Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo  Departamento de Patología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Departamento de Patología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario San Ignacio Departamento de Oncología Médica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>160</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>413</fpage>
<lpage>419</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-38132024000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-38132024000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-38132024000400006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: En Colombia, el cáncer gástrico es el quinto en incidencia (12.8 casos/100 000) y el tercero en mortalidad (9.9 casos/100 000). La expresión de inestabilidad microsatelital (IMS) en cáncer gástrico no ha sido explorada en Colombia o en poblaciones hispano/latinas. La ausencia de datos obstaculiza la aprobación de inmunoterapia en estos países.  Objetivo: Caracterizar la prevalencia del fenotipo de IMS en pacientes colombianos con tumores gástricos y de la unión gastroesofágica.  Material y métodos: La expresión en la patología tumoral se midió mediante marcadores de inmunohistoquímica (MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6, PMS-2). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y la prueba de Fisher para identificar asociaciones de la expresión de IMS.  Resultados: La muestra final fue de 106 pacientes con edad media de 62.5 años (25.93 ± 14.2). Se identificó IMS en 12.26 % (n = 13), así como asociación con mayor edad (p = 0.0042) y subtipo histológico no difuso (p = 0.019).  Conclusiones: En estudios previos, principalmente realizados en países desarrollados y en los que se excluyen poblaciones hispanas/latinas, se reporta una prevalencia de 22 % del fenotipo IMS en tumores gástricos. Identificar la prevalencia de IMS en 12.26 % de población colombiana con cáncer gástrico podría favorecer la aprobación de inmunoterapia como opción terapéutica en países latinoamericanos. Los datos pueden impulsar estudios de costo-utilidad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: In Colombia, gastric cancer is fifth in incidence (12.8 cases per 100,000) and third in mortality (9.9 cases per 100,000). Microsatellite instability (MSI), a phenotype in gastric cancer treatment, lacks comprehensive exploration in Colombian and Hispanic/Latino populations. Data scarcity hinders immunotherapy approval in middle-income countries.  Objective: Characterize the prevalence of MSI phenotype in Colombian patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer.  Material and methods: We measured MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6, and PMS-2 expression in tumor pathology by immunohistochemistry markers. We conducted descriptive analysis and Fisher’s test to identify associations for MSI expression.  Results: Final sample size was 106 patients, mean age of 62.5 years (25-93 ± 14.2). Prevalence of MSI was 12.26% (n = 13). We found an association between older age and positive MSI (p = 0.0042), as well as with non-diffuse histologic subtypes (p = 0.019).  Conclusions: Prior studies report 22% MSI phenotype prevalence in gastric tumors, mostly in developed countries, excluding Hispanic/Latino populations. Identifying the prevalence of MSI in our population as 12.26% could pave the way for approving immune blockade drugs as a treatment option for these patients in Latin American countries. Our data could be utilized to conduct cost-utility studies in support of this.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cáncer gástrico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Hipermutación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Inestabilidad microsatelital]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Reparación de errores de emparejamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Silenciamiento genético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gastric cancer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hypermutation Microsatellite instability]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mismatch repair]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gene silencing]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>International Agency for Research on Cancer [Internet]</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Today]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Esophagogastric junction and gastric adenocarcinoma:neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapy, and future directions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Oncology (Williston Park)]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>505-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nebot-Bral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verlingue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rouleau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Despras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hypermutated tumours in the era of immunotherapy:the paradigm of personalised medicine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Cancer]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<page-range>290-303</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shmulevich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynolds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprehensive molecular characterization of gastric adenocarcinoma]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>513</volume>
<numero>7517</numero>
<issue>7517</issue>
<page-range>202-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ratti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lampis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hahne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Passalacqua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valeri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microsatellite instability in gastric cancer:molecular bases, clinical perspectives, and new treatment approaches]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cell Mol Life Sci]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<numero>22</numero>
<issue>22</issue>
<page-range>4151-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuchs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab monotherapy in patients with previously treated advanced gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Oncol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>e180013</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zepeda-Najar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios-Astudillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lino-Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salcedo-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic impact of microsatellite instability in gastric cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contemp Oncol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>68-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Insuasty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis de la inestabilidad de microsatélites mediante el marcador BAT-26 en una muestra de pacientes del Hospital Universitario de Santander con diagnóstico de cáncer gástrico o colorrectal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia Medica]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>Supl 2</numero>
<issue>Supl 2</issue>
<page-range>41-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puliga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietrantonio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giordano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microsatellite instability in Gastric Cancer:Between lights and shadows]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cancer Treat Rev]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<page-range>102175</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamaoka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marked differences in the frequency of microsatellite instability in gastric cancer from different countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Gastroenterol]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3034-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cristescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nebozhyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Molecular analysis of gastric cancer identifies subtypes associated with distinct clinical outcomes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Med]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>449-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinheiro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bandi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minihan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuchs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cancer statistics for the US Hispanic/Latino population, 2021]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[CA Cancer J Clin]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>71</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>466-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NKD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Park]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Four distinct immune microenvironment subtypes in gastric adenocarcinoma with special reference to microsatellite instability]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ESMO Open]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>e000326</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ST]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cristescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Odegaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comprehensive molecular characterization of clinical responses to PD-1 inhibition in metastatic gastric cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1449-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Tumor immune response and immunotherapy in gastric cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pathol Transl Med]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>20-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vrána]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matzenauer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neoral]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[&#268;]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AujeskýR]]></surname>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vrba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melichar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[From tumor immunology to immunotherapy in gastric and esophageal cancer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Mol Sci]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ajani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D'Amico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bentrem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corvera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gastric cancer, Version 2.2022, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Natl Compr Cancer Netw JNCCN]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>167-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa-Protti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto-Molinari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calderón-Osorno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alpízar-Alpízar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gastric cancer in the era of immune checkpoint blockade]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Oncol [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>1079710</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pietrantonio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Randon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Bartolomeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luciani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smyth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictive role of microsatellite instability for PD-1 blockade in patients with advanced gastric cancer:a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[ESMO Open]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>100036</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marcus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pazdur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[FDA approval summary:pembrolizumab for the treatment of microsatellite instability-high solid tumors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
<page-range>3753-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marabelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Le]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ascierto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Giacomo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Jesús-Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delord]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efficacy of pembrolizumab in patients with noncolorectal high microsatellite instability/mismatch repair–deficient cancer:results from the phase II KEYNOTE-158 Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Oncol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glaser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamilton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griffin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eshleman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of microsatellite instability by fluorescence multiplex polymerase chain reaction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Mol Diagn JMD]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>20-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
