<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-3813</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta médica de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac. Méd. Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-3813</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Nacional de Medicina de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-38132023000600517</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/gmm.23000394</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de la discapacidad por trastornos musculoesqueléticos en México de 1990 a 2021]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Analysis of musculoskeletal disorders-associated disability in Mexico from 1990 to 2021]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos-Blancas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinmetz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaimie D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Liane]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Culbreth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Garland T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lenox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hailey]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Razo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" Unidad de Epidemiologia Clínica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Monterrey Nuevo León]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuernavaca Morelos]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación "Carlos Slim"  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Washington University Instituto para la Métrica y Evaluación de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Seattle Washington]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Odontológicas y de la Salud Programa de Maestrías y Doctorados en Ciencias Médicas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>517</fpage>
<lpage>526</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-38132023000600517&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-38132023000600517&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-38132023000600517&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: Los trastornos musculoesqueléticos (TME) afectan a 1710 millones de personas en todo el mundo y es la principal causa de discapacidad.  Objetivo: Analizar los años vividos con discapacidad (AVD) por TME en México entre 1990 y 2021.  Material y métodos: Con las estimaciones del estudio de la Carga Global de la Enfermedad 2021 se analizaron los AVD por TME y sus seis categorías: osteoartritis, artritis reumatoide, gota, dolor cervical, lumbalgia y otros TME. Se evaluaron patrones y tendencias del número, tasa cruda y tasa estandarizada por edad de los AVD a nivel nacional, estatal, por grupos de edad y sexo.  Resultados: Los TME constituyeron la principal causa de AVD en México entre 1990 y 2021, con un incremento de 57.3 %; pasaron de 1458.4 a 2293.7 por 100 000 habitantes. La lumbalgia (840.6 AVD) destacó con la mayor tasa en 2021 y la osteoartritis, con el mayor incremento. Los TME se incrementaron con la edad y, con excepción de la gota, afectaron más a las mujeres.  Conclusiones: De 1990 a 2021, los TME constituyeron la principal causa de AVD en México, con mayor impacto en adultos y mujeres. Los TME se evidencian desde edades tempranas, de ahí la necesidad de intervenciones continuas para preservar la calidad de vida.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) affect 1.71 billion people worldwide and are the leading cause of disability.  Objective: To analyze the years lived with disability (YLD) attributed to MSD in Mexico between 1990 and 2021.  Material and methods: With estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 study, the YLDs due to MSD and their six categories were analyzed, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, neck pain, low back pain, as well as other MSDs. Patterns and trends in the number, crude rate, and YLD age-standardized rate were evaluated at the national and state levels, as well as by age group and gender.  Results: MSDs were the main cause of YLDs in Mexico between 1990 and 2021, with an increase of 57.3%, going from 1,458.4 to 2,293.7 per 100,000 population. Low back pain (840.6 YLD) showed the highest rate in 2021, while osteoarthritis had the largest increase. MSDs increased with age and, and except for gout, affected women more often.  Conclusions: From 1990 to 2021, MSDs were the main cause of YLDs in Mexico, with a higher impact on adults and women. MSDs can appear early in life, hence the need for continuous interventions in order to preserve quality of life.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Artritis reumatoide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dolor de cuello]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gota]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lumbalgia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Osteoartritis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trastornos musculoesqueléticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Rheumatoid arthritis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neck pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gout]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Low back pain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Osteoarthritis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Musculoskeletal disorders]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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