<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0016-3813</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Gaceta médica de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Gac. Méd. Méx]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0016-3813</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academia Nacional de Medicina de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0016-38132023000200098</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/gmm.m22000746</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Factores de riesgo para infecciones asociadas al cuidado de la salud en recién nacidos sometidos a cirugía en una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Risk factors for healthcare-associated infections in newborns after surgery in a neonatal intensive care unit]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Heladia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Novales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorenzo-Hernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tinoco-de Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angélica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Hospital de Pediatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Hospital de Pediatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>98</fpage>
<lpage>105</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0016-38132023000200098&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0016-38132023000200098&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0016-38132023000200098&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención de la salud (IAAS) son causa frecuente de morbilidad y mortalidad.  Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de IAAS en recién nacidos (RN) sometidos a cirugía.  Material y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte. Los casos fueron RN sometidos a cirugía, con IAAS y los controles, RN sometidos a cirugía sin IAAS. Se registraron datos perinatales, uso de profilaxis antimicrobiana, de catéter venoso central (CVC), ventilación mecánica, nutrición parenteral y sondas; edad y peso al momento de la cirugía, tipo de cirugía, clasificación de la herida quirúrgica, duración de la cirugía, número de procedimientos quirúrgicos y tipo de infección. Se realizó análisis univariado y multivariado.  Resultados: Se incluyeron 71 casos y 142 controles. Las IAAS más frecuentes fueron las infecciones sanguíneas (36.6 %); los principales microorganismos aislados en hemocultivos fueron cocos grampositivos. Los factores de riesgo asociados a IAAS en el análisis multivariado fueron duración del CVC &gt; 8 días (RMa = 17.2), &#8805; 2 intervenciones quirúrgicas (RMa = 16.5) y cirugía abdominal (RMa = 2.6).  Conclusiones: Los RN sometidos a cirugía, principalmente aquellos con factores de riesgo, requieren vigilancia estrecha durante el posoperatorio. El CVC debe ser retirado tan pronto sea posible.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a common cause of morbidity and mortality.  Objective: To identify the risk factors for the development of HAIs in newborns (NBs) undergoing surgery.  Material and methods: Nested case-control study. Cases were NBs undergoing surgery with HAIs, while controls were NBs undergoing surgery with no HAIs. Perinatal data, use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, use of central venous catheter (CVC), mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, and other medical devices were recorded, as well as age and weight at the time of surgery, type of surgery, surgical wound classification, duration of surgery, number of surgical procedures, and type of infection. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.  Results: Seventy-one cases and 142 controls were included. The most frequent HAI was bloodstream infection (36.6%); the main microorganisms isolated in blood cultures were gram-positive cocci. The risk factors associated with HAIs in the multivariate analysis were CVC duration &gt; 8 days (aOR = 17.2), &#8805; 2 surgical interventions (aOR = 16.5) and abdominal surgery (aOR = 2.6).  Conclusions: NBs undergoing surgery, mainly those with risk factors, require close monitoring during the postoperative period. CVC should be withdrawn as soon as possible.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Catéter venoso central]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cirugía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudio de casos y controles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Infecciones asociadas al cuidado de la salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Recién nacido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Central venous catheter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Surgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Case-control study]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Healthcare-associated infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Newborn]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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