<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2954-4122</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Archivos de neurociencias (México)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Arch. Neurocien. (Mex.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2954-4122</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez"]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2954-41222021000200034</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31157/archneurosciencesmex.v26i2.273</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Brief tour through the history of spine surgery:From Egyptian mythology to minimally invasive surgery]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Breve recorrido a través de la historia de la cirugía de columna vertebral: desde la mitología Egipcia hasta la cirugía de mínima invasión]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almendárez-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César Adán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Salud del Estado de México Departamento de Neurocirugía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca Estado de México]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>34</fpage>
<lpage>39</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2954-41222021000200034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2954-41222021000200034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2954-41222021000200034&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El conocimiento de las contribuciones a la cirugía de columna realizadas a través del tiempo, nos proporciona el contexto del entendimiento de las técnicas quirúrgicas actuales y del éxito que ha tenido esta área con el paso de los años. En este trabajo el autor realizó una búsqueda en diversas bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus y Google académico) de los hitos históricos que marcaron el rumbo de la cirugía de columna, lo cual representó un arduo trabajo por grandes figuras de la medicina, partiendo desde la mitología egipcia, pasando por el periodo Griego, Arábico y el Renacimiento, hasta la Edad Moderna y el desarrollo de la cirugía de mínima invasión.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Knowledge of the contributions to spine surgery made over time provides us with the context of understanding current surgical techniques and the success that this area has had over the years. In this work the author carried out a search for the historical milestones that marked the course of spinal surgery, which represented an arduous work by great figures of medicine, starting from Egyptian mythology, passing through the Greek, Arabian, the Renaissance, until the Modern Age and the development of minimally invasive surgery.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[History]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spine surgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vertebral instrumentation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fusion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cirugía de columna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fusión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[instrumentación vertebral]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marketos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skiadas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P:]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hippocrates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The father of spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>1381-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Middendorp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Edwin Smith papyrus: a clinical reappraisal of the oldest known document on spinal injuries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European spine journal: official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1815-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Withington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ET.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hippocrates. On Wounds in the Head. In the Surgery. On Fractures. On Joints. Mochlicon. Loeb Classical Library 149]]></source>
<year>1928</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiñones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aulus aurelius cornelius celsus. Su aporte a las Ciencias Neurológicas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>166-70</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marketos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skiadas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Galen: a pioneer of spine research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>2358-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurunluoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurunluoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paul of Aegina: landmark in surgical progress]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Surg]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>18-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markatos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Androutsos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karamanou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaseta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mavrogenis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Spine deformities and trauma in Avicenna's Canon of Medicine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Orthop]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1271-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Markatos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Korres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaseta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karamanou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Androutsos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Paul of Aegina (625-690): His work and his contribution to neurologic surgery: Trephinations and laminectomies in the dark ages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Neurosurg]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>338-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bademci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabuncuoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[First detailed description of axial traction techniques by Serefeddin Sabuncuoglu in the 15th century]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Spine J]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>810-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Todd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Neuroanatomy o f Leonardo da Vinci]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santa Barbara ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Capra Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rengachary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SS.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The history of spinal biomechanics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurosurgery]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>657-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the Movement o f Animals]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SpringerVerlag]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hildanus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WF.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Opera quae Extant Omnia]]></source>
<year>1646</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Francofurti ad Moenum ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[J. Beyeri]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lister]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the antiseptic principle in the practice of surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Brit Med J]]></source>
<year>1867</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>351</numero>
<issue>351</issue>
<page-range>246-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Archer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[William]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TG.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Morton, dentist, who first publicly demonstrated ether anesthesia; a short biography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Am Dent Assoc]]></source>
<year>1946</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>1528-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peltier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Joseph Francois Malgaigne and Malgaigne&#8217;s fracture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Rel Res]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<page-range>4-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Account of a case in which portions of three dorsal vertebrae were removed for the relief of paralysis from fracture, with partial success]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[North Am Med Surg J]]></source>
<year>1829</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>94-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Black]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sir Victor Horsley (1857-1916): pioneer of neurological surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurosurgery]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>607-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Historical perspective: Victor Horsley&#8217;s surgery for cervical caries and fracture-The centennial anniversary]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<page-range>398-401</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hadra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wiring the spinous processes in Pott&#8217;s disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Am]]></source>
<year>1891</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>206-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HB.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spinal Fusion: Science and Technique]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer Science &amp; Business Media]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An essay on the history of spine fusion operations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1964</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>9-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Kunder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rijkers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caelers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Bie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koehler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Santbrink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lumbar interbody fusion: A historical overview and a future perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>1161-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tourney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Internal fixation in fusion of the lumbosacral joint]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lahey Clin Bull]]></source>
<year>1943</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>188-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The history and development of Harrington instrumentation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<numero>93</numero>
<issue>93</issue>
<page-range>110-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boucher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A method of spinal fusion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Bone Joint Surg Br]]></source>
<year>1959</year>
<volume>41-B</volume>
<page-range>248-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kakarla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sonntag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VKH.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[History and advances in spinal neurosurgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neurosurg Spine]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>775-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yasargil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microsurgical operation for herniated disc]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu&#776;llenweber]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Lumbar Disc Adult Hydrocephalus]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Berlin ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer-Verlag]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spetzler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The use of intraopera- tive fluoroscopy and spinal cord monitoring for transoral microsurgical odontoid resection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Orthop Relat Res]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<numero>154</numero>
<issue>154</issue>
<page-range>51-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ascher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heppner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[CO2-Laser in neurosurgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neuro- surg Rev]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>123-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perez-Cruet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaacs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microendoscopic lumbar discectomy: technical note]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurosurgery]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>S5</numero>
<issue>S5</issue>
<page-range>S129-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carragee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghanayem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rothman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bono]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A challenge to integrity in spine publications: Years of living dangerously with the promotion of bone growth factors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine J.]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>463-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kukkar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Main]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Amin Iii]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SF.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bone graft substitutes for spine fusion: A brief review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World J Orthop]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>449-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghasem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greif]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Arrival of robotics in spine surgery: a review of liturature]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spine (Phila Pa 1976)]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
<page-range>1670-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nanda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalakoti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mythological and Prehistorical Origins of Neurosurgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Neurosurgery]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>568-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
