<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2663-3981</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista cartográfica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cartogr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2663-3981</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2663-39812025000200149</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35424/rcarto.i111.5930</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Zonificación ecológica de la cuenca Manquehue-El Peñón (2019-2024): un enfoque basado en biodiversidad y presión antrópica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ecological Zoning of the Manquehue-El Peñón basin (2019-2024): A biodiversity and anthropogenic pressure-based approach]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jonathan A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Alberto Hurtado Departamento de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Alberto Hurtado Departamento de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>111</numero>
<fpage>149</fpage>
<lpage>173</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2663-39812025000200149&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2663-39812025000200149&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2663-39812025000200149&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La zonificación ecológica como instrumento para el ordenamiento territorial sustentable, está orientada a evaluar sistemas socioecológicos mediante la integración de atributos de biodiversidad y presiones antrópicas. Su relevancia radica en la necesidad de equilibrar conservación y desarrollo, especialmente en ecosistemas degradados como los de Chile central, donde sólo remanentes del bosque nativo original permanecen. Los ecosistemas que circundan la ciudad de Santiago, Chile, específicamente, cuentan con escasas directrices de manejo sustentadas en criterios socioecológicos, como ocurre con el Sitio Prioritario y Área de Preservación Ecológica conformada por la cuenca de los cerros Manquehue-El Peñón. El objetivo de este estudio fue proponer una zonificación ecológica de dicha área, que pueda orientar sobre su planificación y gestión ambientalmente sustentable. Para esto, fueron estimados y cartografiados los principales atributos ecológicos de sus coberturas vegetales y los impactos generados por las actividades antrópicas que se desarrollan en el interior de la cuenca de interés, para así proponer una zonificación indicativa de su nivel de riesgo y de manejo recomendado. Los resultados destacan que el 15,8% de la superficie estudiada, principalmente correspondiente a la zona baja de la cuenca, debe ser sujeta a restauración y manejo sostenible, mientras que el 77,8% requiere ser preservada, debido al alto valor ecológico conferido por franjas de vegetación ripariana; amenazadas por la urbanización descontrolada y la degradación por actividades humanas. Futuros estudios de esta índole aplicados a ecosistemas similares deberían cotejar la pertinencia de variables adicionales, adaptadas al contexto de sequía que enfrenta la zona central del país.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Ecological zoning as an instrument for sustainable territorial planning is oriented toward evaluating socio-ecological systems through the integration of biodiversity attributes and anthropogenic pressures. Its relevance stems from the need to balance conservation and development, especially in degraded ecosystems like those of central Chile, where only remnants of the original native forest persist. The ecosystems surrounding Santiago, Chile, as the Manquehue-El Peñón hills basin, designated as a Priority Site and Ecological Preservation Area, lack management guidelines grounded in socioecological criteria. The objective of this study was to propose an ecological zoning plan for the area to guide its environmentally sustainable planning and management. To achieve this, the main ecological attributes of the vegetation land covers and the impacts of anthropic activities within the basin of interest were assessed and mapped, enabling the development of an indicative zoning plan based on ecological risk levels and recommended management measures. The results highlight that 15.8% of the studied surface, primarily corresponding to the lower basin, should be targeted for restoration and sustainable management. In contrast, 77.8% of the studied surface requires preservation due to the high ecological value of riparian vegetation buffers, which are threatened by uncontrolled urbanization and human-induced degradation. Future studies of this nature, applied to similar ecosystems, should consider additional variables tailored to the drought conditions affecting central Chile.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[zonificación ecológica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[perturbaciones antrópicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vegetación esclerófila]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ordenamiento territorial sustentable]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[usos/coberturas de suelo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ecological zoning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[anthropic disturbances]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sclerophyllous vegetation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sustainable land-use planning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[land use/land covers]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alaniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galleguillos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Quezada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis de la representatividad del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas para la conservación de ecosistemas amenazados: El Caso del hotspot de Chile Central]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 1erCongreso Nacional 2016 SNASPE]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>22-25 noviembre</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Temuco, Chile </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atienza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aroca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Concentración y crecimiento en Chile: una relación negativa ignorada]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EURE]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>114</numero>
<issue>114</issue>
<page-range>257-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Chicureo Hoy</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Modificación en Plan Regulador Comunal de Colina busca definir altura máxima de edificación. Actualidad]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Comité Nacional Pro Defensa de la Fauna y Flora (CODEFF)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Inventario de fauna vertebrada terrestre presente en la comuna de Vitacura]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Comité Nacional Pro Defensa de la Fauna y Flora (CODEFF)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Inventario de flora vascular terrestre presente en la ladera sur del cerro Manquehue, comuna de Vitacura]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional (BCN)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Decreto 693 exento. Establece Área Prohibida de Caza &#8220;Santiago Andino&#8221;, Región Metropolitana]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Biblioteca del Congreso Nacional (BCN)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ley 20283. Ley sobre recuperación del bosque nativo y fomento forestal]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Agricultura]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Centro EULA</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Establecimiento de un ordenamiento territorial orientado a la protección y uso sustentable del área del cordón de Cantillana]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Comisión Nacional del Medio Ambiente (CONAMA)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe técnico. Estudio de Impacto Ambiental proyecto: &#8220;Línea de transmisión a subestación de transformación el Salto&#8221;]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Por qué es importante la ecología política?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>244</numero>
<issue>244</issue>
<page-range>47-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bosque y matorral esclerófilo mediterráneo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ambienta]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>98</numero>
<issue>98</issue>
<page-range>52-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Dirección de Medio Ambiente Huechuraba (DMAH)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan maestro ambiental Huechuraba]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Dirección Meteorológica de Chile (DMC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Reporte anual de la evolución del clima en Chile]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recuperación de los cerros islas: ¿Una posible solución a los problemas ambientales de Santiago?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ambiente Total]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>2-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los cerros islas como hábitats de fauna y generadores de servicios ambientales para la ciudad de Santiago de Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia Ambiental]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>9-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Foundations of Success (FOS)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Conceptualizing and planning conservation projects and programs]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gajardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La vegetación natural de Chile. Clasificación y distribución geográfica]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santiago, Chile ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universitaria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Finegan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de enfoques para la definición de especies arbóreas indicadoras para el monitoreo de la biodiversidad en un paisaje fragmentado del corredor biológico mesoamericano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Recursos Naturales y Ambiente]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>41</numero>
<issue>41</issue>
<page-range>49-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gangas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una mirada al matorral y bosque esclerófilo de Chile: importancia, transformación y desafíos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bosque Nativo]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>54</numero>
<issue>54</issue>
<page-range>29-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garreaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boisier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rondanelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montecinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veloso-Águila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Central Chile Mega Drought (2010-2018): A climate dynamics perspective]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Climatology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>421-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Gobierno Regional Metropolitano de Santiago (GORE RM)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estrategia regional para la conservación de la biodiversidad en la Región Metropolitana de Santiago 2015-2025]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groves]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valutis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Redford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaffer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumgartner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Planning for biodiversity conservation: putting conservation science into practice: a seven-step framework for developing regional plans to conserve biological diversity, based upon principles of conservation biology and ecology, is being used extensively by the nature conservancy to identify priority areas for conservation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BioScience]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>499-512</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esselman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ecoregional Assessment and Biodiversity Vision Toolbox. The Nature Conservancy]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[GSA Bulletin]]></source>
<year>1945</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>275-370</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas (INE)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estimaciones y proyecciones a nivel regional de la población de Chile 2002-2035]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kattan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Selección de especies focales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kattan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naranjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regiones biodiversas, Elementos para la planificación de Sistemas Regionales de Áreas Protegidas]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>154-66</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cali, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WCS Colombia-Fundación Ecoandina- WWF Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>La Tercera</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Yuraszeck, Zylberberg y Brito toman el control de 1.200 hectáreas en Huechuraba]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luebert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pliscoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pisos vegetacionales de Luebert y Pliscoff 2017]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Geoportal IDE Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ocupación territorial en la precordillera andina: ¿futura conurbación en comunas del sector nororiente de la Región Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ería]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>43</numero>
<issue>43</issue>
<page-range>275-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Massai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riffo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El área protegida que está en riesgo por el avance de proyectos inmobiliarios en Chicureo y La Dehesa. Interferencia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Field Methods in Remote Sensing]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Guilford Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Agricultura (MINAGRI)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Catastro de uso de suelo y vegetación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Medio Ambiente (MMA)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Clasificación de especies]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio del Medio Ambiente (MMA &amp; Organización de las Naciones Unidas -ONU)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Planificación ecológica a escala local: Zona central, Chile]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio del Medio Ambiente (MMA &amp; Organización de las Naciones Unidas -ONU)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Guía metodológica: Planificación ecológica a escala local y regional]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Obras Públicas (MOP)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio de Impacto Ambiental: Concesión internacional acceso nor-oriente a Santiago sector oriente enlace Centenario - enlace Av. del Valle: Resumen ejecutivo]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Obras Públicas (MOP)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Declaración de Impacto Ambiental: Rectificación del trazado descrito en los considerandos 3.2.1 a 3.2.7 de la Resolución Exenta N° 273/2003]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Vivienda y Urbanismo (MINVU)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ordenanza Plan Regulador Metropolitano de Santiago 2010]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Syphard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berdugo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ovalle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delpiano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Squeo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dobbs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mentler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garreaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Widespread synchronous decline of Mediterranean-type forest driven by accelerated aridity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature Plants]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1810-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Municipalidad de Huechuraba</collab>
<source><![CDATA[PLADECO de Huechuraba 2013-2026]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müssner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Plachter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methodological standards for nature conservation: casestudy landscape planning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal for Nature Conservation]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Myers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittermeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittermeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Fonseca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. San Diego Management &amp; Monitoring Program]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>403</numero>
<issue>403</issue>
<page-range>853-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dinerstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Global 200: Priority ecoregions for global conservation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>199-224</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pangui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Propuesta de zonificación del sitio prioritario para la conservación Mehuín-Río Lingue, en base a valoración de atributos naturales y culturales]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Austral de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peñuelas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sardans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estiarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llusià]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogaya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carnicer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartrons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivas-Ubach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peguero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Margalef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pla-Rabés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stefanescu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Asensio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preece]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbeta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Achotegui-Castells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gargallo-Garriga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sperlich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farré-Armengol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urbina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camino-Serrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vives-Ingla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stocker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balzarolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peaucelle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marañón-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bórnez-Mejías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Descals]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terradas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impacts of global change on Mediterranean forests and their services]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Forests]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>463</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ulloa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Valor Ecológico, Servicios Ecosistémicos y Plan Indicativo de los Sitios Prioritarios Cerros de Lonquén y Chena]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Picon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Barrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Paecke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berrizbeitia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cerros isla en las ciudades de Chile: oportunidades para una planificación ecológica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista INVI]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>108</numero>
<issue>108</issue>
<page-range>255-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Yuraszeck y familias Rabat y Schiess entre los propietarios del cerro Manquehue. La Segunda]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pliscoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Actualización de las Áreas Protegidas de Chile: Análisis de Representatividad y Riesgo Climático]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Estudios Públicos (CEP)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estudio para la definición de áreas de protección natural y/o patrimonial, en el piedemonte andino del sector oriente]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riffo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Super de Medioambiente ordena evaluación ambiental del proyecto inmobiliario Chaguay y sienta precedente sobre construcción en áreas de preservación ecológica. Interferencia]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Febrero en Santiago y urbanismo. El mostrador]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gangas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naulin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Zonas ribereñas: protección, restauración y contexto legal en Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bosque]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación ambiental del proceso de urbanización de las cuencas del piedemonte andino de Santiago de Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[EURE]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>94</numero>
<issue>94</issue>
<page-range>97-117</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cayuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rey-Benayas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schröder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors influencing vegetation cover change in Mediterranean Central Chile (1975-2008)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Vegetation Science]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>14</numero>
<issue>14</issue>
<page-range>571-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galleguillos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ocampo-Melgar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rendón-Funes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cifuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alaniz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Seguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ovalle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montenegro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saldes-Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Harms]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armesto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecosystem services of Chilean sclerophyllous forests and shrublands on the verge of collapse: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Arid Environments]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>211</numero>
<issue>211</issue>
<page-range>104927</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Universidad de Chile</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Planificación Ecológica del Territorio. Guía Metodológica. Andros]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infraestructura verde, servicios ecosistémicos y sus aportes para enfrentar el cambio climático en ciudades: el caso del corredor ribereño del río Mapocho en Santiago de Chile]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Geografía Norte Grande]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>63</numero>
<issue>63</issue>
<page-range>63-86</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zerega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del plan regulador metropolitano de Santiago en las zonas rurales y de conservación de la biodiversidad de la Región Metropolitana]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
