<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2663-3981</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista cartográfica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cartogr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2663-3981</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2663-39812025000200053</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35424/rcarto.i111.5911</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Aplicación de técnicas geomáticas para la detección de patologías y estimación de biomasa en cultivos mediante UAV]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Application of geomatic techniques for pathology detection and biomass estimation in crops using UAVs]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinde-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Izar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Departamento de Ingeniería Topográfica y Cartográfica Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros en Topografía, Geodesia y Cartografía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>111</numero>
<fpage>53</fpage>
<lpage>77</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2663-39812025000200053&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2663-39812025000200053&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2663-39812025000200053&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Actualmente, la utilización de Vehículos Aéreos No Tripulados (UAV) para fines agrícolas se encuentra generalizada en todo el planeta. Entre sus aplicaciones más destacadas se encuentran la generación de cartografía, la vigilancia de bosques o la gestión de cultivos mediante agricultura de precisión. En este estudio se pretende poner de manifiesto la utilidad de las metodologías de análisis de cultivos mediante UAV, de forma que sirvan como apoyo a la toma de decisiones en el sector agrícola. Estas metodologías comprenden temáticas relacionadas con el análisis de crecimiento en cuanto a generación de biomasa en cultivos de raygrass y kikuyo, análisis del estado de salud de plantaciones de lupino en la zona andina mediante su respuesta espectral y la detección de enfermedades en palma africana mediante el estudio de la variabilidad de su respuesta espectral, todas ellas aplicadas en la República de Ecuador. Para la casuística de todos los cultivos mencionados se emplearon equipos como los UAV y los espectrorradiómetros generando productos geoespaciales de alta resolución a través de técnicas de fotogrametría SfM y teledetección de baja altura. Con estos productos se pudieron extraer valores espectrales a nivel de planta e inferir resultados satisfactorios a través de la aplicación de pruebas estadísticas. Es así, que se pudo detectar de forma temprana la afectación de Pudrición de Cogollo (PC) en palma africana, determinar qué tratamiento de desinfección de semilla para lupino es el más adecuado en el control de la antracnosis y evidenciar que el cultivo de ryegrass perenne es el que genera mejores rendimientos en la producción de biomasa para suelos que se encuentran en la zona andina ecuatorial. Con todo esto se puso de manifiesto el potencial de los sistemas UAV a la hora de estudiar y gestionar cultivos de gran importancia económica.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Nowadays, the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) or drones is a reality. Among their most notable applications are the generation of cartography, forest surveillance, and crop management through precision agriculture. This doctoral thesis investigates the methodologies currently employed in precision agriculture within the field of remote sensing using UAVs to assist rural development processes in developing areas. These methodologies encompass topics related to growth analysis in terms of biomass generation in ryegrass and kikuyu crops, health status analysis of lupine plantations in the Andean region through their spectral response, and disease detection in African palm through the study of the variability of its spectral response, all applied in the Republic of Ecuador. For the case studies of all the mentioned crops, equipment such as UAVs and spectroradiometers were used, generating high-resolution geospatial products through SfM photogrammetry and low-altitude remote sensing techniques. From these products, spectral values at the plant level were extracted and satisfactory results were inferred through the application of statistical tests. Thus, it was possible to detect early the impact of Bud Rot (PC) in African palm, determine which seed disinfection treatment for lupine is the most suitable for controlling Anthracnose, and show that perennial ryegrass is the crop that generates the best biomass yields for soils in the equatorial Andean region. This demonstrated the potential of UAV systems in studying and managing key crops in the economies of developing countries.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agricultura de precisión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[UAV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis multiespectral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[biomasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fotogrametría SfM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Precision agriculture]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[UAV]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multispectral analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biomass]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SfM photogrammetry]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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