<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2663-3981</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista cartográfica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cartogr.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2663-3981</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2663-39812019000200107</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35424/rcarto.i99.588</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Métodos y técnicas para la construcción de símbolos táctiles hacia una Cartografía Inclusiva]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez de Prada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carmo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Waldirene Ribeiro do]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carla R.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana Facultad de Humanidades y Tecnologías de la Comunicación Social Centro de Cartografía Táctil]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Geografía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Estadual Paulista  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ourinhons Sao Paulo]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>99</numero>
<fpage>107</fpage>
<lpage>124</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2663-39812019000200107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2663-39812019000200107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2663-39812019000200107&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo presenta una reflexión sobre la experiencia de varios años de los autores con relación a la producción de representaciones gráficas táctiles, con énfasis en la generación de los símbolos (lineales, areales y puntuales) empleados para representar informaciones geocartográficas. Se presentarán los símbolos que ya están estandarizados, así como las metodologías utilizadas para su definición y construcción. Aprovechando como ejemplo la simbología de algunos mapas táctiles turísticos serán discutidas las características necesarias para que los signos sean comprendidos por los usuarios, principalmente los que tienen deficiencia visual. Un producto cartográfico táctil, permite al discapacitado visual acceder a la información y el conocimiento geográfico por medio de los símbolos táctiles y la escritura Braille que acompaña a cada uno de los productos cartográficos. Este tipo de cartografía permite representar la información de una forma adecuada y entendible para el usuario ciego, lo cual implica utilizar símbolos táctiles cuidadosamente diseñados, lo que permitirá reconocer y generar una imagen mental del área geográfica representada. Es importante señalar, que la adecuada instrucción en la lectura táctil, en el lenguaje Braille y el conocimiento previo de la variable geográfica representada que tenga la persona ciega, le facilitará extraer información de un mapa táctil, de un gráfico o de imágenes en relieve.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article presents an overview of the experiences over several years of the authors involving the production of tactile graphic representations, with emphasis on creating the symbols (linear, area and point) used to portray geocartographic information. The symbols that are already standardized will be presented, as will the methodologies used for defining and setting them up. Making use of the symbology of tactile maps for tourism as an example, the features necessary for signs to be understood by the users, mainly those who have visual deficiencies, will be discussed. A tactile cartographic product makes it possible for visually disabled persons to have access to geographic information and knowledge by means of the tactile symbols and the Braille text that are included in each of the cartographic products. This type of tactile cartography enables one to portray information in a way that is suitable and understandable for the blind user, which involves using carefully designed tactile symbols. This lets them find, get to know and set up a mental image of the geographic area portrayed. It is important to point out that an adequate teaching of tactile reading and of the Braille language, along with the prior knowledge held by the blind person about the geographic variable portrayed, will make it easier for that person to extract information from a tactile map, from a graphic image or from images in relief.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre a experiência de vários anos dos autores com relação à produção de representações gráficas táteis, com destaque na criação de símbolos (lineares, areais e pontuais) empregados para representar informações geocartográficas. Serão apresentados os símbolos que já estão padronizados, assim como as metodologias utilizadas para sua definição e construção. Aproveitando como exemplo a simbologia de alguns mapas táteis turísticos serão discutidas as características necessárias para que os signos sejam compreendidos pelos usuários, principalmente os que têm deficiência visual. Um produto cartográfico tátil, permite que as pessoas com deficiência visual acessem informações e conhecimento geográfico por meio dos símbolos táteis e da escrita em braile que acompanha cada um dos produtos cartográficos. Este tipo de cartografia tátil permite representar a informação de uma forma adequada e compreensível para o usuário com deficiência visual, o que implica a utilização de símbolos táteis cuidadosamente pensados, que permitirão reconhecer e gerar uma imagem mental da área geográfica representada. É importante ressaltar que a experiência em leitura tátil e na linguagem em braile, assim como o conhecimento prévio que tenha a pessoa com deficiência visual sobre a variável geográfica representada, facilitará a obtenção de informações de um mapa tátil, de um gráfico ou de imagens em relevo.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tactile symbols]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[tactile maps]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[blind]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[low vision]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cartography]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[símbolos táctiles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mapas táctiles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ciegos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[baja visión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cartografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[símbolos táteis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[mapas táteis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[pessoas com deficiência visual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cartografia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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