<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2663-371X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de historia de América]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. hist. Am.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2663-371X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Panamericano de Geografía e Historia, Comisión de Historia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2663-371X2025000200039</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35424/rha.171.2025.5941</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Introducción de la vacuna antivariólica en la Nueva España y las Provincias Internas antes de la Real Expedición de la Vacuna]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Introduction of the Smallpox Vaccine in New Spain and the Internal Provinces before the Royal Vaccine Expedition]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Bryan Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Universitario de Ciencias de la Educación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>171</numero>
<fpage>39</fpage>
<lpage>69</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2663-371X2025000200039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2663-371X2025000200039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2663-371X2025000200039&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este texto se reconstruye el itinerario de las cadenas de transmisión del virus de la viruela bovina que iniciaron en Puerto Rico a finales de 1803, y que permitieron que la vacuna antivariólica fuera introducida en la Nueva España y en las Provincias Internas antes de que pudiera hacerlo la Real Expedición Filantrópica de la Vacuna. Asimismo, se analizan los agentes de propagación -médicos, autoridades, funcionarios- y las instituciones que participaron en este proceso, destacando las particularidades que tuvo en el septentrión novohispano.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In this text, the itinerary of the transmission chains of the cowpox virus that began in Puerto Rico at the end of 1803 is reconstructed, which allowed the smallpox vaccine to be introduced into New Spain and the Internal Provinces before the Royal Philanthropic Vaccine Expedition could do so. Additionally, the agents of propagation -doctors, authorities, officials- and the institutions that participated in this process are analyzed, highlighting the particularities it had in the northern region of New Spain.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vacuna antivariólica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[viruela bovina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Provincias Internas de Nueva España]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Real Expedición Filantrópica de la Vacuna]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[smallpox vaccine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cowpox]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Internal Provinces of New Spain]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[The Royal Philanthropic Expedition Vaccine]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aceves Pastrana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Cosme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alba]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conflictos y negociaciones en las expediciones de Balmis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios de historia novohispana]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>171-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chihuahua y sus antecedentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Boletín de la Sociedad Chihuahuense de Estudios Históricos]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<volume>xi</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diccionario de historia, geografía y biografía chihuahuenses]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<edition>3a ed.</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chihuahua ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones del Azar-Congreso del Estado de Chihuahua, lxii Legislatura]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Guía histórica de la ciudad de Chihuahua]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chihuahua ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Gobierno del Estado de Chihuahua]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso Baquer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mariano]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Españoles, apaches y comanches]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Defensa del Gobierno de España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Batista Salvador]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Amauri]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mena Campo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alodio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de La Habana: contribución al progreso sociocultural]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Varona]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>66</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bennett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[War against smallpox: Edward Jenner and the global spread of vaccination]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernabéu Albert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Salvador]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García de la Fuente]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un comanche en las Cortes de Cádiz: los informes y trabajos de Ramos Arizpe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>217-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lansing B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Early Vaccination in New Mexico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Historical Society of New Mexico]]></source>
<year>1924</year>
<numero>27</numero>
<issue>27</issue>
<page-range>1-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clementina]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Namiquipa, un poblamiento lento y difícil (1780-1910)]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Zamora, Michoacán ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de Michoacán, Centro de Estudios Históricos]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clavé Almeida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martín]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rico Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Samuel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Un cirujano militar para la provincia de Chihuahua. El catalán Antonio Comadurán Rovira (1747-1816)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chihuahua Hoy]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>xvii</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>35-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cramaussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chantal]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro de México a Santa Fe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rutas de la Nueva España]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>299-327</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Zamora, Michoacán ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[El Colegio de Michoacán]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cramaussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Chantal]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La lucha contra la viruela en Chihuahua durante el siglo xix]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Relaciones. Estudios de historia y sociedad]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>xxix</volume>
<numero>114</numero>
<issue>114</issue>
<page-range>101-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz Barney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Óscar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La ordenanza de correos del 8 de junio de 1794 en el México independiente]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[La supervivencia del derecho español en Hispanoamérica durante la época independiente]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<page-range>109-38</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Investigaciones Jurídicas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faulk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Odie B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Last Years of Spanish Texas, 1778-1821]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Texas Technological College]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frank]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Donald A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isao]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zdenek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jezek]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danilovic Ladnyi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Smallpox and its Eradication]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los viajes de Don Francisco Xavier de Balmis. Notas para la historia de la expedición vacunal de España a América y Filipinas (1803-1806)]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<edition>2ª ed.</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Médica Hispanoamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerhard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Peter]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escandón Bolaños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patricia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La frontera norte de la Nueva España]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mark Allan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Health of Empires: Health Practices and Expansion in the Texas Borderlands, 1780-1861]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Wisconsin-Madison]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mireles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[González]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sofía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Retrato de un mercader: Thomas Murphy Porro]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grimal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pierre]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diccionario de mitología griega y romana]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Paidós]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Humboldt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandro de]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ensayo político sobre el reino de la Nueva España]]></source>
<year>1941</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Pedro Robredo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Instituto de Geografía</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nuevo Atlas Nacional de México]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oakah L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los Paisanos: Spanish Settlers on the Northern Frontier of New Spain]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Norman, London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Oklahoma Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El bicentenario de la vacunación antivariolosa: experiencias y enseñanzas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Pública de México]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>379-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Procel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Emilio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández de Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda Amor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kretschmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roberto, R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bicentenario de la vacunación antivariolosa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gaceta médica de México]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>91-120</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Cosme]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alba Dolores]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Una política sanitaria en la colonia: el caso de la vacuna contra la viruela]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallejo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Ramón]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Smallpox Vaccine in Latin America: A New Approach (1801-1804)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicina]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Real Expedicio&#769;n Filantro&#769;pica de la Vacuna en la Real Audiencia de Quito]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Geografía e Historia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenciano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nájera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Enjuanes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Real Expedición Filantrópica de la Vacuna: doscientos años de lucha contra la viruela]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Biblioteca de Historia de América]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Expedición Balmis: la primera lucha global contra las pandemias]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[GeoPlaneta-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Verónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Sala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La participación de los cirujanos novohispanos en las operaciones vacunales antes, durante y después de la &#8216;Real Expedición Filantrópica de la Vacuna&#8217;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Complutense de Historia de América]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>35</numero>
<issue>35</issue>
<page-range>187-207</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Verónica]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Real Colegio de cirugía de Nueva España, 1768-1833. La profesionalización e institucionalización de la enseñanza de la cirugía]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Real Academia de la Historia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Diccionario Biográfico electrónico]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rigau Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Introduction of Smallpox Vaccine in 1803 and the Adoption of Immunization as a Government Function in Puerto Rico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Hispanic American Historical Review]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>393-423</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Sala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los cirujanos del ejército en la Nueva España (1713-1820)]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Sala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los cirujanos de hospitales de la Nueva España (1700-1833)]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Sala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neria Mosco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karina]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Verónica]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tolentino Ochoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los cirujanos del mar en la Nueva España (1572-1820)]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<edition>2ª ed.</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez Sala y Muro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Martín]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Susana María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Trayectorias de dos médicos españoles en el primer tercio del siglo xix en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Médica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>191-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simmons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marc]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Spanish Pathways: Readings in the History of Hispanic New Mexico]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Albuquerque ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of New Mexico Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The &#8216;Real Expedición Marítima de la Vacuna&#8217; in New Spain and Guatemala]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Texas Christian University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tarragó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rafael E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A doscientos años de la expedición de la vacuna]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos Americanos]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>117-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Timmons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wilbert H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Paso: a borderlands history]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[El Paso, Texas ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Texas at El Paso]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Real Expedición filantrópica de la vacuna (1803-1813), los atajos de Balmis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carrascosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alfonso V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Báguena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El desarrollo de la microbiología en España]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>1-54</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Ramón Areces]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duro Torrijos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El viaje de la vacuna contra la viruela: una expedición, dos océanos, tres continentes y miles de niños]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gaceta médica de México]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>151</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>416-25</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vázquez Cienfuegos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sigfrido]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La vacuna en Cuba durante el gobierno de Someruelos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Temas Americanistas]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>79-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
