<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2604-1227</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de oftalmología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. oftalmol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2604-1227</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2604-12272022000100027</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/rmo.m21000202</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Etiología y consideraciones en salud de la discapacidad visual en la primera infancia: revisión del tema]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Etiology and health considerations of visual disability in early childhood: a review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo-Cerezo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Yepes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Valeria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llano-Naranjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yuliana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias-Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Escudero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>02</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2604-12272022000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2604-12272022000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2604-12272022000100027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La discapacidad visual es un tópico transversal al ciclo de vida. Si bien la discapacidad va más allá de lo biológico, las deficiencias visuales en rango de baja visión o ceguera pueden impactar el desarrollo y la función visual acorde a la edad, teniendo una amplia etiología y varias consideraciones en salud importantes para su prevención, diagnóstico, tratamiento y rehabilitación. Se realiza una revisión sobre el espectro etiológico y las consideraciones en salud de la discapacidad visual en la primera infancia, partiendo de aspectos clave del neurodesarrollo de la visión, la clasificación etiológica y las causas más frecuentes de las deficiencias visuales capaces de producir una discapacidad visual en la primera infancia. Como etiologías más frecuentes de deficiencias visuales permanentes en rango de baja visión (agudeza visual entre 20/60 a 20/400) y ceguera (agudeza visual menor de 20/400) sobresalen la retinopatía del prematuro, la catarata congénita, las opacidades corneales y las enfermedades congénitas de la retina, y como causas prevenibles o de discapacidad visual reversible destacan los errores de refracción no corregidos. Además, son causas importantes para evaluar en los niños con discapacidad visual el déficit de vitamina A, la ceguera por trauma y el maltrato infantil, etiologías que van más allá de la salud visual. Es prioridad identificar de manera oportuna las causas prevenibles y tratables, y reconocer las inevitables para instaurar procesos de rehabilitación funcional e integral, según sea el caso.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Visual impairment is a condition that occurs throughout life. Although the disability goes beyond the biological aspect, visual deficiencies in the range of low vision or blindness can impact development and visual function depending on age, having a broad etiology and several important health considerations for its prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. This is a review of the etiological spectrum and health considerations of visual impairment during early childhood, based on key aspects of the neurodevelopment of vision, the etiological classification, and the most frequent causes of visual impairments capable of causing visual disability in early childhood. Retinopathy of prematurity, congenital cataracts, corneal opacities, congenital retinal diseases, and uncorrected refractive errors stand out as preventable causes or reversible visual impairment. In addition, vitamin A deficiency, trauma blindness, and child abuse are significant causes that should be assessed in children with visual impairment, etiologies that go beyond visual health. It is a priority to identify, in a timely manner, the preventable and treatable causes, and to recognize the inevitable ones to establish functional and comprehensive rehabilitation processes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Niños con discapacidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Baja visión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ceguera]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Salud de la persona con discapacidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Disabled children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Low vision]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Blindness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Health of the disabled]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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