<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2604-1227</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista mexicana de oftalmología]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. mex. oftalmol]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2604-1227</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2604-12272020000600260</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/rmo.m20000134</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Metaanálisis: bases conceptuales, análisis e interpretación estadística]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Meta-analysis: Conceptual bases, statistical analysis and interpretation]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Christian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nabzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Solange]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Iberoamerican Cochrane Network  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Santiago ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<fpage>260</fpage>
<lpage>273</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2604-12272020000600260&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2604-12272020000600260&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2604-12272020000600260&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El término metaanálisis fue empleado por primera vez por G.V. Glass en 1976, en un artículo titulado Primaria, secundaria y metaanálisis de la investigación, para referirse al análisis estadístico del conjunto de resultados obtenidos en diferentes ensayos clínicos sobre una misma cuestión, con la finalidad de evaluarlos de manera conjunta. Este tipo de investigación fue inicialmente aplicado en las ciencias sociales y psicología, y en la década de 1980 el metaanálisis se hizo cada vez más popular en medicina, particularmente en los campos de enfermedad cardiovascular, oncología y perinatal. En la actualidad son muy frecuentes los artículos que describen resultados de metaanálisis en publicaciones médicas. Una de las razones para realizar un metaanálisis y combinar los resultados de los estudios es que al aumentar el tamaño de la muestra aumenta su potencia estadística, además, incorporar trabajos efectuados en centros y lugares diferentes conlleva que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser más fácilmente generalizables. Los metaanálisis no han estado ni están libres de controversia, entre otras cosas porque, quizás, como suele ser habitual con todo lo que se pone de moda, ha sido utilizado con una frecuencia excesiva sin suficiente rigor metodológico, ya que existen múltiples limitaciones a tener en cuenta a la hora de evaluar los resultados de un metaanálisis. En este artículo nos vamos a centrar fundamentalmente en los aspectos estadísticos del tema, desde el punto de vista de la descripción de los métodos, indicaciones e interpretaciones, sin entrar en otros detalles, como pueden ser los protocolos de realización de una revisión sistemática o fórmulas estadísticas. El enfoque va a ser en los métodos de análisis utilizados en metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos controlados que evalúan eficacia terapéutica o reacciones adversas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The term meta-analysis was first used by G.V. Glass in 1976 in an article called “Primary, secondary and meta-analysis of investigations” (“Primaria, secundaria y meta-análisis de la investigación”). He used this term to refer to the statistical analysis of all the results obtained in different clinical studies regarding the same subject and that were to be analyzed together. At the beginning, this type of analysis was mainly used for the examination of social studies and psychology investigations, but later, during the 1980s, it became a popular method used in medicine; particularly in the cardiovascular, cancer and perinatal specialties. Nowadays it is not rare to find several medical articles using this method. For this study we decided to perform a meta-analysis and also combine the results of the studies because when the sample size increases, the statistical potential increases as well. Furthermore, when including studies and researches performed in different Health Centers, the results obtained can be easily generalized. Nevertheless, the meta-analysis method has its controversies, many of them due to an excessive use of the method together with a lack of methodological rigor; there are many limitations to be considered when evaluating the results of a meta-analysis. In this article we will focus mainly on the statistical aspects of the subject, from the point of view of the description of the methods, indications and interpretations, without specifying other details such as the protocols for carrying out a systematic review or statistical formulas. The focus will be on the analytical methods used in meta-analyses of controlled clinical trials evaluating therapeutic efficacy or adverse reactions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Revisión sistemática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Metaanálisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[MBE]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Heterogeneidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Sesgo de publicación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Medicina basada en la evidencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Búsqueda de literatura]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de sensibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Análisis de subgrupos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Systematic Reviews]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Meta-Analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[EBM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Heterogeneity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Publication bias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Evidence-based medicine]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Literature search]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Sensitivity analyses]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Subgroup analysis]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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