<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2594-2166</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina y ética]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. ética]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2594-2166</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Anáhuac México, Facultad de Bioética]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2594-21662025000100011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36105/mye.2025v36n1.01</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Superar divisiones: conocimientos de bioética para navegar la desconfianza y polarización en una era post-covid]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Bridging divides: bioethics insights in navigating trust and polarization in a post-covid era]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joseph]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificio Ateneo Regina Apostolorum  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Roma ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>43</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2594-21662025000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2594-21662025000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2594-21662025000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La polarización de opiniones y posturas durante la pandemia de COVID-19 es inconfundible. Aunque hay muchas áreas de debate, nuestro enfoque principal gira en torno a las controversias de la vacuna COVID-19. El Informe SAGE (OMS 2014) sobre la indecisión ante las vacunas enumeró tres factores críticos, complacencia, conveniencia y confianza, que se repitieron durante la pandemia. De ellos, la confianza emerge como el motor central de la polarización. La desconfianza abarca varias dimensiones: el gobierno, la ciencia, las empresas farmacéuticas, las nuevas vacunas y las fuentes de información vinculadas a los grupos homólogos y los medios sociales. La polarización no se debe a la escasez de información, sino que está profundamente entrelazada con la identidad social. El efecto de cámara de eco exacerba este fenómeno, reforzando las creencias dentro de círculos afines. El documento explora cómo las diferentes facetas de la confianza influyeron significativamente en la indecisión ante las vacunas durante el COVID. Por último, es necesario reevaluar la eficacia de los mandatos de vacunación y el control de las redes sociales: ¿reducen las dudas o empeoran inadvertidamente la polarización al erosionar la confianza?]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The polarization of opinions and positions during the COVID-19 pandemic is unmistakable. While there are many areas of debate, our primary focus surrounds the controversies of the COVID-19 vaccine. The SAGE Report (who 2014) on vaccine hesitancy listed three critical factors -complacency, convenience and confidence- which recurred during the pandemic. Of these, trust or confidence emerges as the central driver of polarization. Distrust spans various dimensions: government, science, pharmaceutical companies, novel vaccines, and information sources linked to peer groups and social media. Polarization is not due to information scarcity but is deeply intertwined with social identity. The echo chamber effect exacerbates this phenomenon, reinforcing beliefs within like-minded circles. The paper explores how different trust facets significantly influenced vaccine hesitancy during COVID. Finally, there is a need to reevaluate the effectiveness of vaccine mandates and social media screening, do they reduce hesitancy or inadvertently worsen polarization by eroding trust?]]></p></abstract>
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<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dudas sobre las vacunas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[OMS]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[redes sociales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vaccine hesitancy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[WHO]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social media]]></kwd>
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