<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2594-1925</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de ciencias tecnológicas]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. cienc. tecnol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2594-1925</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Baja California]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2594-19252025000300202</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.37636/recit.v8n3e383</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Optimización estructural para pinza mecánica de 2, 3 y 4 dedos mediante el método de elementos finitos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Structural optimization for 2, 3 and 4 fingers mechanical gripper using the finite element method]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynoso-Jardón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elva Lilia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ventura-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nandayapa-Alfaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mariaca-Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yahir de Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Oscar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez-Monares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Alfredo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Estrada-Barbosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Quirino]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2594-19252025000300202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2594-19252025000300202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2594-19252025000300202&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En la industria, las aplicaciones de escoger y colocar son comunes en muchos procesos. Sin embargo, las pinzas juegan un papel primordial para la correcta sujeción y el soporte del material a manejar. En este artículo se presenta la optimización topológica para pinzas mecánicas de 2, 3 y 4 dedos con las mismas especificaciones de uso. El objetivo es presentar un análisis estructural, la cantidad de material y el factor de seguridad. El trabajo consiste en desarrollar un modelo físico de las pinzas, definir el tipo de mallado y definir las condiciones de frontera. Posteriormente, un análisis de elemento finito y la optimización topológica son desarrollados para la obtención de resultados de deformación, esfuerzo y factor de seguridad. Los resultados muestran que en la sección de la falange 1 para los tres casos presentan deformación, sobre todo en la pinza de dos dedos con valor de 2.4205 mm. Los valores con menor esfuerzo se presentan en la pinza de 4 dedos con valores de 29.25 MPa. Y el factor de seguridad se encuentra por arriba de 2 en todos los casos. Por último, la optimización de material de las pinzas de 2, 3 y 4 dedos donde la máxima pérdida de material ocurre en la pinza de 4 dedos con valores del 20% en las zonas con menores valores de estrés como en el soporte de base y en la falange 1.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In industry, pick-and-place applications are common across many processes. However, grippers play a key role in ensuring proper gripping and support of the materials being handled. This article presents a topological optimization study of mechanical grippers with two, three, and four fingers, all designed under identical usage specifications. The objective is to analyze structural behavior, material usage, and safety factors. The work involves developing physical models of the grippers, defining mesh types, and boundary conditions. Subsequently, finite element analysis and topological optimization are performed to obtain results for deformation, stress, and safety factor. The results show deformation in phalanx 1 across all three cases, with the two-finger gripper exhibiting the highest value at 2.4205 mm. The lowest stress values are observed in the four-finger gripper, reaching 29.25 MPa. In all cases, the safety factor exceeds the value of 2. Finally, material optimization reveals that the greatest reduction, up to 20% occurs in the four-finger gripper, specifically in low-stress regions such as the base support and phalanx 1.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Optimización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pinzas de sujeción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estructural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Elemento finito]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Optimization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Gripper]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Structural]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Finite element]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agirregoikoa-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Desarrollo de una garra flexible en impresión 3d]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez Montoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gandarias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pastor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz-Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Cerezo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-de-Gabriel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseño de una pinza subactuada híbrida soft-rigid con sensores hápticos para interacción física robot-humano]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ XL Jornadas de Automática]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2019</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>795-801</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseño cinemático de una garra robótica con dos grados de libertad y un único actuador]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cantabria, España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[universidad de Cantabria]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guzmán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Robots Móviles con Orugas Historia, Modelado, Localización y Control]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev. Iberoam. Autom. Inform. Ind. RIAI]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>3-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scharff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.B. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dongdong, &#8220;Development of a novel variable-curvature soft gripper used for orientating broccoli in the trimming line]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comput. Electron. Agric.]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>225</volume>
<numero>109267</numero>
<issue>109267</issue>
<page-range>109267</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chelpanov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolpashnikov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Problems with the mechanics of industrial robot grippers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mech. Mach. Theory]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>295-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[D&#8217;Avella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tripicchio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avizzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A study on picking objects in cluttered environments: Exploiting depth features for a custom low-cost universal jamming gripper]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>101888</numero>
<issue>101888</issue>
<page-range>101888</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sepúlveda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Armada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalez-de-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soft grippers for automatic crop harvesting: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sensors (Basel)]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>2689</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A soft gripper with variable stiffness inspired by pangolin scales, toothed pneumatic actuator and autonomous controller]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<numero>101848</numero>
<issue>101848</issue>
<page-range>101848</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birglen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlicht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A statistical review of industrial robotic grippers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<page-range>88-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[León-Medina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres-Barahona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Herramienta para el diseño de sistemas de posicionamiento tridimensional usados en fabricación digital,]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>155-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Memar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mastronarde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esfahani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design of a novel variable stiffness gripper using permanent magnets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[en 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Numerical investigation of a bioinspired multi-segment soft pneumatic actuator for grasping applications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mater. Today Commun]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>103449</numero>
<issue>103449</issue>
<page-range>103449</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Soft robots based on dielectric elastomer actuators: a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Smart Mater. Struct.]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>103002</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abomoharam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modeling and design optimization of a robot gripper mechanism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>94-103</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vidal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseño mecánico con SolidWorks 2015]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ra-Ma]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nogales-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseño y análisis de una pinza de agarre con sistema retráctil]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. O. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Introducción al método del elemento finito: SolidWorks y Matlab]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ideas en Ciencias de la Ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>27-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design and optimization of a robotic gripper for the FEM assembly process of vehicles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mech. Mach. Theory]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceccarelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuadrado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dopico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An optimum synthesis for gripping mechanisms by using natural coordinates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc Inst Mech Eng Part C]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>216</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>643-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yusti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluación del comportamiento mecánico de un modelo de implante metacarpofalángico propuesto para el dedo índice usando el método de elementos finitos]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.A.G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.A.A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis estructural de una máquina prensadora para producción de ladrillo macizo para las pequeñas industrias artesanales de materiales cerámicos en Ocaña norte de Santander y en la región]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[revista colombiana de tecnologías de avanzada (RCTA)]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>104-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dollar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Howe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The highly adaptive sdm hand: Design and performance evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The international journal of robotics research]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>585-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrero-Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Escanaverino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diseño paramétrico de pinzas de fricción]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ingeniería Mecánica]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>37-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuchkrua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leephakpreeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mekarporn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Development of robot hand with pneumatic artificial muscle for rehabilitation application]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ 7th IEEE International Conference on nano/Molecular Medicine and engineering]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>55-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catalán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseño y evaluación de garras mecánicas]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Jaume I]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Telegenov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tlegenov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shintemirov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A low-cost open-source 3-D- printed three-finger gripper platform for research and educational purposes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[IEEE Access]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>638-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thapa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Structural analysis and optimization of machine structure for the measurement of cutting force for wood]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Alex. Eng. J.]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>833-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bayat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zinovieva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langelaar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Spangenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salajeghe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poulios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohanty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sigmund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hattel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Holistic computational design within additive manufacturing through topology optimization combined with multiphysics multi-scale materials and process modelling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Materials Science]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>138</volume>
<page-range>101129</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz-Morcillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Método de mallado y algoritmos adaptativos de dos y tres dimensiones para la resolución de problemas electromagnéticos cerrados mediante el método de los elementos finitos]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rossow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A finite element method for the optimal design of variable thickness sheets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AIAA J.]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1566-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Static anddynamic characteristics modeling for CK61125 CNC lathe bed basing on FEM]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Procedia Eng.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>174</volume>
<page-range>489-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Smcpneumatics.com]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Design and optimization of a robotic gripper for the fem assembly process of vehicles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mechanism and Machine Theory]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>129</volume>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carranza-Pose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis cinemático y dinámico de pinza de robot para espacios aislados]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A survey of topology optimization methods considering manufacturable structural feature constraints for additive manufacturing structures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Additive Manufacturing Frontiers]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>200143</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilapil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badugas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Computer-Aided Design &amp; Applications, 20(1), 2023, 44-55 © 2023 CAD Solutions, LLC, http://www.cad-journal.net 44 Design and optimization of an adaptive robotic gripper using finite element analysis and generative design]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computer-Aided Design And Applications]]></source>
<year></year>
<page-range>44-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
