<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2594-1852</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Punto CUNORTE]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Punto CUNORTE]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2594-1852</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario del Norte]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2594-18522025000200103</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32870/punto.v11i21.240</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Violencia social encubierta y autoestima en estudiantes universitarias de psicología del SUAyED]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Covert Social Violence and Self-Esteem in College Students of Psychology of SUAyED]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leyna Priscila]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz Estrada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tamara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaqueline]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara Departamento de Ciencias Sociales Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México SUAYED ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México SUAYED ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México SUAYED ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario del Norte Departamento de Bienestar y Desarrollo Sustentable]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>21</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2594-18522025000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2594-18522025000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2594-18522025000200103&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La violencia de género (VG) es un problema mundial. Una de sus manifestaciones es la violencia social encubierta, que se materializa a través de la interiorización de los estereotipos de género. Este tipo de violencia sutil es el inicio de otras formas de violencia que tienen implicaciones negativas en la vida, la salud y la autoestima de las mujeres. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los niveles de violencia social encubierta hacia la mujer (VSEM) y su relación con la autoestima en una muestra de estudiantes de psicología del Sistema Universidad Abierta y Educación a Distancia (SUAYED) de la Universidad Autónoma Nacional de México (UNAM). En cuanto al material y a los métodos, la muestra no probabilística por conveniencia incluyó a 83 estudiantes de psicología del SUAYED de la UNAM. Se emplearon el inventario de VSEM y el inventario de autoestima de Coopersmith, además de un cuestionario con preguntas sociodemográficas para medir las variables de interés. El resultado arrojó que la media del puntaje de VSEM fue del 87.2 (17.70 D.E.), lo que refleja una interiorización media de los mandatos de género. La media del puntaje de autoestima fue de 16.4 (4.98 D.E.). Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el puntaje del inventario de VSEM y la religión, &#967;² (18)=30.7, p=0.031, con un coeficiente v de Cramer de asociación moderada (v=0.351). No se encontraron asociaciones entre la VSEM y la autoestima. En conclusión, detectar las manifestaciones sutiles de violencia, como lo es la interiorización de mandatos de género, puede ayudar al diseño de intervenciones que permitan disminuir la VG en la sociedad.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Gender-based violence (gbv) is a global issue. One of its manifestations is Covert Social Violence, which materializes through the internalization of gender stereotypes. This subtle form of violence is the starting point for other types of violence that have negative implications for women's lives, health, and self-esteem. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Covert Social Violence Against Women (csvaw) and its relationship with self-esteem among psychology students in the Sistema Universidad Abierta y Educación a Distancia (SUAYED) at the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM). Materials and Methods: A nonprobabilistic convenience sample included 83 psychology students from suayed at UNAM. The CSVAW Inventory, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used to measure the variables of interest. Results: The mean csvaw score was 87.2 (sd=17.70), reflecting a moderate internalization of gender norms. The mean self-esteem score was 16.4 (sd=4.98). A statistically significant association was found between the csvaw Inventory score and religion, &#967;² (18)=30.7, p=0.031, with a moderate Cramer&#8217;s v association coefficient (v=0.351). No associations were found between csvaw and self-esteem. Conclusion: Detecting subtle manifestations of violence, such as the internalization of gender norms, can help design interventions aimed at reducing gbv in society.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia de género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[violencia social encubierta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[universitarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[autoestima]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender-based violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[covert social violence]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[college students]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[self-esteem]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzate-Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[De la tensión en el ejercicio de los roles de género a la violencia conyugal como pauta relacional]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eleuthera]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>266-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Balanta Mera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obispo Salazar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Representaciones sociales de la identidad y los roles de género en adolescentes de una escuela secundaria de México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Interdisciplinaria]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>151-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becerra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-esteem among college students: The intersectionality of psychological distress, discrimination and gender]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Public Mental Health]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betancourt Velásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caviedes Niño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Metodología de correlación estadística de un sistema integrado de gestión de la calidad en el sector salud]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[SIGNOS. Investigación en Sistemas de Gestión]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>119-39</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dueñas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Medical Science Educator&#8217;s Guide to Selecting a Research Paradigm: Building a Basis for Better Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medical Science Educator]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>545-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Çelebi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[&#304;.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sar&#305;kahya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Özbay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. Ç.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tosun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The moderating role of social anxiety in the effect of self-esteem on attitude of violence against women]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Women&#8217;s Studies International Forum]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>106</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapa Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadena Alvear]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Almanza Avendaño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez San Luis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Violencia de género en la universidad: percepciones, actitudes y conocimientos desde la voz del estudiantado]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Guillermo de Ockham]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>77-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chávez-Valdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ríos-Velasco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esparza-Del-Villar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiroz-Chagoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Afrontamiento socioemocional positivo, detección y atención de violencia de género en mujeres de contextos violentos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Enseñanza e Investigación en Psicología]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>290-304</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Miguel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Neoliberalismo sexual: El mito de la libre elección]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Cátedra]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Díaz Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los micromachismos encarnados en la cotidianidad universitaria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Nthe]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>17-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Etim-James]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of culture and religion on gender inequality and its implications on women empowerment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Wukari International Studies Journal]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>145-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evangelista-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Normalización de la violencia de género cómo obstáculo metodológico para su comprensión]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nómadas]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>51</numero>
<issue>51</issue>
<page-range>85-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The relationship between gender stereotype and self-esteem of Chinese college students]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<page-range>664</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Atlantis Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender differences in the relationship between self-esteem and depression among college students: A cross-lagged study from China]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Research in Personality]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>97</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García Perales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canuto González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cebrián Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alta capacidad y género: la autoestima como factor influyente en las diferencias entre sexos]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Contextos Educativos. Revista de Educación]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>77-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garrido-Reina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Portillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz-Ballesteros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hacia una Intervención Social Feminista en el contexto de las violencias machistas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Prisma Social]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<numero>38</numero>
<issue>38</issue>
<page-range>201-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera Bolaños]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Santiago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de autorregulación académica en estudiantes de psicología en modalidad en línea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Voces de la Educación]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>126-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerra Pfari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los estereotipos de género y su incidencia en la violencia contra la mujer]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ciencia Latina. Revista Científica Multidisciplinar]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1599-614</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El SUAyED y su papel en el empoderamiento de las personas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Digital Universitaria]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aproximación a los distintos tipos de muestreo no probabilístico que existen]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herreros Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los mitos del amor romántico a la violencia de género, comprender para actuar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Comunitania: Revista Internacional de Trabajo Social y Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>111-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta Nacional Sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares (ENDIREH) 2021]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urbano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Violencia de género y autoestima en mujeres de un centro poblado de Huancavelica-2020]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Peruana de Los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaramillo-Bolívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Canaval-Erazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Violencia de género: Un análisis evolutivo del concepto]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Universidad y Salud]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>178-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[John]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGovern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lessons never learned: Crisis and gender-based violence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Developing World Bioethics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>65-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jonsdottir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Is the US still too patriarchal to talk about women? The silent epidemic of femicide in America]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Chicago Policy Review]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender differentials in self-esteem of adolescents with selfie addiction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>479-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara-Caba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Autoestima en las mujeres víctimas de violencia por la pareja íntima]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AULA Revista de Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>9-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lara Cantú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verduzco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Validez y con&#64257;abilidad del Inventario de Autoestima de Coopersmith para adultos en población mexicana]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>247-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relationship between gender self-stereotyping and life satisfaction: The mediation role of relational self-esteem and personal self-esteem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Psychology]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>12</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Masculinidad hegemónica, roles de género y violencia intrafamiliar en Puebla-Tlaxcala, México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<numero>178</numero>
<issue>178</issue>
<page-range>55-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loinaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barboni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma de Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diferencias de sexo en factores de riesgo de violencia filio-parental]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>408-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upenieks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender differences in self-esteem, unvarnished self-evaluation, future orientation, self-enhancement and self-derogation in a us national sample]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Personality and Individual Differences]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>149</volume>
<page-range>66-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martín-Cárdaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lafuente-Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán-Vilches]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano-Altaba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estereotipos de género y redes sociales: Consumo de contenido generado por influencers entre los preadolescentes y adolescentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Doxa Comunicación: Revista Interdisciplinar de Estudios de Comunicación y Ciencias Sociales]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>81-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meléndez-Domínguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bermúdez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis epidemiológico de la violencia de género en la Unión Europea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>380-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de la Hoz Kipke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Elementos que influyen en la definición de las creencias religiosas de los estudiantes de historia de la Universidad de Cartagena]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Cartagena]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza Cano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado Celis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Perfil sociodemográfico y de hábitos de estudio de estudiantes en línea de psicología]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serrano Inzunza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos Pinto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pantoja Mejías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Quiroz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Educación y tecnología: Propuestas desde la investigación y la innovación educativa]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>459-62</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Santiago de Chile]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender-based violence during Covid-19 pandemic: A mini-review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Frontiers in Global Women&#8217;s Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>1</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno Almazán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Educación a distancia: Nueva modalidad, nuevos alumnos. Per&#64257;les de alumnos de Psicología en México]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perfiles Educativos]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>136</numero>
<issue>136</issue>
<page-range>118-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mori Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Velez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simbolismos, estereotipos sexuales y violencia de género en el reggaetón]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Encuentros. Revista de Ciencias Humanas, Teoría Social y Pensamiento Crítico]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>400-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mijares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Del reconocimiento y la autoestima en los relatos de mujeres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Orbis. Revista Científica Electrónica de Ciencias Humanas]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>18-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Potard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Self-esteem inventory (Coopersmith)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeigler-Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shackelford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Encyclopedia of personality and individual differences]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>1-4</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salas Chacón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Á.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Espiritualidad, violencia y androcentrismo. Retos prácticos de los feminismos para el siglo XXI en América Latina]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de filosofía de la Universidad de Costa Rica]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>XLIV</volume>
<numero>111-112</numero>
<issue>111-112</issue>
<page-range>65-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinagre González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Violencia social encubierta hacia la mujer y su repercusión en la salud]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Complutense de Madrid]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinagre González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Concepto Violencia Social Encubierta hacia las Mujeres (VISEM)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Violencia social encubierta hacia la mujer. Socialización diferencial, victimización y salud]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<page-range>153-63</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[J. M. Bosch Editor]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinagre-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Izquierdo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[IVISEM, una medida de la violencia social encubierta hacia las mujeres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Iberoamericana de Diagnóstico y Evaluación Psicológica]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>149-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinagre-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship between assumed differential socialization and emotional disorders in women: A form of covert social violence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Spanish Journal of Psychology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>23</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vinagre-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puente-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Cárceles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aparicio-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loinaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differences between men and women in the acceptance of gender roles and stereotypes in intimate partner violence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología y Salud]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>75-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Willie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kershaw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An ecological analysis of gender inequality and intimate partner violence in the United States]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Preventive Medicine]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>118</numero>
<issue>118</issue>
<page-range>257-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
