<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2524-177X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista médica del Hospital General de México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. med. Hosp. Gen. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2524-177X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sociedad Médica del Hospital General de México A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2524-177X2025000200005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24875/hgmx.24000010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury: literature review]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Salgado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jésser M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes-Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Briones-Garduño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Chavarría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sindy A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Military Hospital for Women’s Specialties and Neonatology Obstetric Intensive Care Unit ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) Coordination of Medical Education and Research ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Materno Perinatal Mónica Pretelini Sáenz Department of Scientific Research ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toluca de Lerdo State of Mexico]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado Bone Marrow Cell Transplant Service Internal Medicine, Hematology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Mexico City ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>88</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>80</fpage>
<lpage>87</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2524-177X2025000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2524-177X2025000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2524-177X2025000200005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury refers to the pathophysiological consequence of deprivation of adequate cerebral perfusion that occurs transiently. This medical complication is commonly related to an event of cardiac arrest (CA), respiratory failure, incidents of near drowning, and different states of shock that could trigger severe hypoperfusion and its pathological sequelae. The consequences of this clinical entity can vary from almost complete recovery to brain death. Treatment is based on correcting the cause of hypoperfusion, adequate neurocritical care, and in survivors, multidisciplinary rehabilitation involving not only the patient but family and caregivers. In this manuscript, we reviewed recent literature with the aim of understanding and making known the appropriate approach to this complication. A search was conducted for recent literature on the topic mentioned using the keywords "Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury, Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in adults" in the database PubMed of the National Center for Biotechnology Information. The search resulted in 62 articles, the search was delimited with the temporality from 2015 to 2023, 20 were selected, considering those that can be integrated into the themes that make up the structure, that had as references recent literature &lt; 10 years old; those that had information not directly related to the topic or that did not include the subsections to be addressed in the review were not included.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anoxic encephalopathy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anoxic brain injury]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Muzio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Majeed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdeldjalil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerstenmaier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (adults and children)]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hays Shapshak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mills]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Anoxic Encephalopathy]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Treasure Island, FL ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heinz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rollnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Outcome and prognosis of hypoxic brain damage patients undergoing neurological early rehabilitation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Res Notes]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<page-range>243</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mason Sharma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birnhak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanborn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kazmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Neuroimaging mimics of anoxic brain injury:a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neuroimaging]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>467-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alt Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buurke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feys]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klamroth-Marganska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A systematic review of international clinical guidelines for rehabilitation of people with neurological conditions:what recommendations are made for upper limb assessment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Neurol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>567</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patnaik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomarkers in hypoxic brain injury:methods, discoveries, and applications]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rajendram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preedy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biomarkers in trauma, injury and critical care. Biomarkers in disease:methods, discoveries and applications]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rayi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mandalaneni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Encephalopathic EEG patterns]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[StatPearls]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Treasure Island, FL ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[StatPearls Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fugate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Anoxic-ischemic brain injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurol Clin]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>601-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubenstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tyndall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An update on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for traumatic brain injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Expert Rev Mol Diagn]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>165-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keijzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hoedemaekers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tonino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klijn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hofmeijer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Brain imaging in comatose survivors of cardiac arrest:pathophysiological correlates and prognostic properties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Resuscitation]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>133</volume>
<page-range>124-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taccone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Oliveira Manoel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vincent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use a “GHOST-CAP”in acute brain injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murillo-Cabezas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA["THE MANTLE" bundle for minimizing cerebral hypoxia in severe traumatic brain injury]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurisu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[You]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yenari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Therapeutic hypothermia and neuroprotection in acute neurological disease]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Med Chem]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>5430-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Target temperature management and therapeutic hypothermia in sever neuroprotection for traumatic brain injury:clinic value and effect on oxidative stress]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Medicine (Baltimore)]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>102</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rincon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Targeted temperature management in brain injured patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurosurg Clin N Am]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>231-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dwyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical neurorehabilitation:using principles of neurological diagnosis, prognosis, and neuroplasticity in assessment and treatment planning]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Semin Neurol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>41</volume>
<page-range>111-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Filippo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paolessi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bilotta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meseguer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ten rules for the management of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury during pregnancy:an expert viewpoint]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Neurol]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>911460</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abdullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of severe traumatic brain injury in pregnancy:a body with two lives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Malays J Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>151-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schaap]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Overtoom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van den Akker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Roosmalen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloemenkamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maternal cardiac arrest in the Netherlands:a nationwide surveillance study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>237</volume>
<page-range>145-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
