<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-9190</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista alergia México]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. alerg. Méx.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-9190</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Inmunología Clínica y Alergia A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-91902018000200178</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29262/ram.v65i2.376</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Estudios experimentales: diseños de investigación para la evaluación de intervenciones en la clínica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Experimental studies: research designs for the evaluation of interventions in clinical settings]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zurita-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jessie Nallely]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Horacio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Novales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guadalupe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villasís-Keever]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Hospital de Pediatría]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Hospital de Cardiología]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI Unidad de Investigación en Síntesis y Análisis de la Evidencia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Ciudad de México]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>65</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>178</fpage>
<lpage>186</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-91902018000200178&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-91902018000200178&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-91902018000200178&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Los estudios experimentales se utilizan para evaluar la eficacia y efectividad de una intervención terapéutica (farmacológica o quirúrgica), preventiva (como la vacunación o los cambios estilo de vida) o educativa (por ejemplo, taller para mejorar la calidad y la atención a la salud). Existen diferentes estudios experimentales, pero en la actualidad se reconoce que el ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado es el que brinda el mayor grado de evidencia. Cuando no se puede llevar a cabo este tipo de investigación se tienen disponibles los estudios cuasiexperimentales, en los cuales puede ser que no se realice aleatorización o no exista un grupo control, sin embargo, tienen un menor grado de validez. En este artículo se describe la forma de realizar los diferentes tipos de ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado y estudios cuasiexperimentales; también se exponen sus ventajas y desventajas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: Experimental studies are used to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of therapeutic (pharmacological or surgical), preventive (such as vaccination or lifestyle changes) or educational interventions (e.g., workshops to improve quality and healthcare). There are different experimental studies but, currently, randomized controlled trial (RCT) is recognized as the type of study that provides the highest level of evidence. When this type of research cannot be carried out, there are quasi-experimental studies, where there may be no randomization or a control group; however, this type of studies has a lower degree of validity. This article describes the way different types of RCT and quasi-experimental studies are performed; their advantages and disadvantages are also explained.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudio experimental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Estudio cuasiexperimental]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Experimental study]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Randomized controlled trial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Quasi-experimental study]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sackett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Explanatory and pragmatic clinical trials A primer and application to a recent asthma trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pol Arch Med Wewn]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>7-8</numero>
<issue>7-8</issue>
<page-range>259-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villasís-Keever]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda-Novales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El protocolo de investigación II los diseños de estudio para investigación clínica]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Alerg Mex]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>80-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lazcano-Ponce]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salazar-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez-Castellano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ángeles-Llerenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Garduño]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viramontes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados: variantes, métodos de aleatorización, análisis, consideraciones éticas y regulación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Publica Mex]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>559-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hróbjartsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gotzsche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Is the placebo powerless An analysis of clinical trials comparing placebo with no treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>344</volume>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>1594-602</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calva-Mercado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudios clínicos experimentales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Salud Publica Mex]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>349-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thorpe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwarenstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oxman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Treweek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Altman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS) a tool to help trial designers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>464-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bono-Cabré]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diseños cuasi-experimentales y longitudinales]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[España ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Barcelona/Facultad de Psicología/Departamento de Metología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Portney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Foundations of clinical research. Applications to practice]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[FA Davis Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazzucca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramsey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baumann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kryzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Variation in research designs used to test the effectiveness of dissemination and implementation strategies a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Public Health]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lillie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EO]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Diamant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Issell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Topol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schork]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The N-of-1 clinical trial The ultimate strategy for individualizing medicine?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Per Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>161-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
