<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8909</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina crítica (Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8909</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-89092023000700525</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/114852</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ratio ventilatorio como índice predictor de fracaso al retiro de la ventilación mecánica invasiva en el paciente críticamente enfermo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ventilatory ratio as a predictor index of failure to withdrawal of invasive mechanical ventilation in the critically ill patient]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Relação ventilatória como índice preditor de falha na retirada de ventilação mecânica invasiva no paciente em estado crítico]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel Pineda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alejandra]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaytán García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristhian Josué]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lillian Jovana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazo Montero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Brenda del]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Braulia Aurelia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Janet Silvia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Centro Médico ABC  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[CDMX ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<fpage>525</fpage>
<lpage>533</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-89092023000700525&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-89092023000700525&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-89092023000700525&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  el destete de la ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI) es un elemento esencial en la atención de pacientes críticamente enfermos. A pesar de esto, la incidencia de falla al retiro de la VMI no es nada despreciable, aun teniendo buenos predictores de éxito a la extubación. Se ha descrito al ratio ventilatorio (RV) como una herramienta fácilmente aplicable a pie de cama, para evaluar el deterioro ventilatorio del paciente. Su valor refleja la capacidad de los pulmones para eliminar CO2. En diversos estudios se ha descrito al RV elevado como predictor independiente de mortalidad en pacientes con síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo (SDRA); sin embargo, al momento no existen estudios que avalen su uso como herramienta para determinar la probabilidad de fracaso al retiro de la VMI.  Objetivo:  evaluar la utilidad del RV para predecir fracaso al retiro de la VMI en el paciente críticamente enfermo.  Material y métodos:  estudio retrospectivo, cohorte histórica, en pacientes en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI) del Centro Médico ABC de agosto de 2021 a agosto de 2023. Se evaluaron pacientes con VMI en protocolo de destete ventilatorio. Se calculó el RV con la fórmula RV = VE medido × PaCO2 medida / VE predicho × PaCO2 ideal. Se realizó un análisis de curva ROC y área bajo la curva para determinar el mejor rendimiento predictivo del RV para el fracaso al retiro de la VMI. Se establecieron los puntos de corte de 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 y se calculó sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN) a cada uno. Asimismo, se estimó el coeficiente de regresión para cada punto de corte a través de modelos de regresión logística. Para todas las determinaciones se estimó el intervalo de confianza al 95% y se consideró un valor p &lt; 0.05 como estadísticamente significativo.  Resultados:  el punto de corte con mejor rendimiento para predecir falla a la extubación fue un RV &gt; 1.4 con sensibilidad de 82.6%, especificidad de 56.4%, VPP de 52.8% y VPN de 84.6%. Asimismo, el RV se asoció positivamente con la mortalidad de pacientes en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva. Para este respecto, el mejor punto de corte fue RV &gt; 1.6 con sensibilidad de 72.7%, especificidad de 76.5%, VPP de 40.0% y VPN de 92.9%.  Conclusiones:  el RV &gt; 1.4 es una nueva herramienta para predecir falla al retiro de la VMI.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is an essential element in the treatment of the critical patient. Despite this, the incidence of IMV weaning failure is not negligible, even with good predictors of success. The ventilatory ratio (VR) has been described as a bedside tool to evaluate the patient&#8217;s ventilatory deterioration. Its value reflects the capacity of the lungs to eliminate carbon dioxide (CO2). In several studies, a high VR has been described as an independent predictor of mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS); however, there are no studies that support its use as a tool to determine the probability of IMV weaning failure.  Objective:  to evaluate the use of VR to predict IMV weaning failure in critically ill patients.  Material and methods:  retrospective cohort, in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the ABC Medical Center from January 2021 to August 2023. Patients with IMV in a ventilatory weaning protocol were evaluated. The VR was calculated with the formula VR = measured VE × measured PaCO2 / predicted VE x ideal PaCO2. A ROC curve and area under the curve analysis were performed to determine the best predictive performance of VR for IMV weaning failure. The cut-off points of 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 were established and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for each one. Likewise, the regression coefficient was estimated for each cut-off point through logistic regression models. For all determinations, the 95% confidence interval was estimated and a p value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.  Results:  the cut-off point with the best performance to predict extubation failure was a VR &gt; 1.4 with sensitivity 82.6%, specificity 56.4%, PPV 52.8% and NPV 84.6%. Likewise, the VR was positively involved in the mortality of patients in the ICU. In this regard, the best cut-off point was VR &gt; 1.6 with sensitivity 72.7%, specificity 76.5%, PPV 40.0% and NPV 92.9%.  Conclusions:  VR &gt; 1.4 is a new tool to predict failure to withdraw from IMV.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução:  o desmame da ventilação mecânica invasiva (VMI) é elemento essencial no cuidado de pacientes em estado crítico. Apesar disso, a incidência de falha na retirada da VMI não é desprezível, embora tenha bons preditores de sucesso da extubação. A relação ventilatória (RV) tem sido descrita como uma ferramenta de fácil aplicação à beira do leito para avaliar a deterioração ventilatória do paciente. Seu valor reflete a capacidade dos pulmões de eliminar CO2. Em vários estudos, o VR elevado foi descrito como um preditor independente de mortalidade em pacientes com síndrome do desconforto respiratório agudo (SDRA); no entanto, atualmente não existem estudos que apoiem a sua utilização como ferramenta para determinar a probabilidade de falha quando a VMI é removida.  Objetivo:  avaliar a utilidade da RV para prever falha na retirada da VMI em pacientes críticos.  Material e métodos:  estudo retrospectivo, coorte histórica, em pacientes internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) do Centro Médico do ABC no período de agosto de 2021 a agosto de 2023. Avaliaram-se pacientes com VMI em protocolo de desmame ventilatório. A RV foi calculada com a fórmula RV = VE medida × PaCO2 medida / VE prevista × PaCO2 ideal. Realizou-se uma análise da curva ROC e da área sob a curva para determinar o melhor desempenho preditivo da RV para falha no desmame da VMI. estabeleceram-se os pontos de corte de 1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6 e calculou-se a sensibilidade, a especificidade, o valor preditivo positivo (VPP) e o valor preditivo negativo (VPN) para cada um. Da mesma forma, estimou-se o coeficiente de regressão para cada ponto de corte por meio de modelos de regressão logística. Para todas as determinações estimou-se o intervalo de confiança de 95% e um valor de p&lt;0.05 considerou-se estatisticamente significativo.  Resultados:  o ponto de corte com melhor desempenho para predizer falha na extubação foi RV &gt; 1.4 com sensibilidade 82.6%, especificidade 56.4%, VPP 52.8% e VPN 84.6%. Da mesma forma, o RV esteve positivamente associado à mortalidade de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Nesse aspecto, o melhor ponto de corte foi RV &gt; 1.6 com sensibilidade 72.7%, especificidade 76.5%, VPP 40.0% e VPN 92.9%.  Conclusões:  a RV &gt; 1.4 é uma nova ferramenta para prever falha na retirada da VMI.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ventilación mecánica invasiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ratio ventilatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[falla a la extubación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[invasive mechanical ventilation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ventilatory ratio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[extubation failure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ventilação mecânica invasiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[relação ventilatória]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[falha de extubação]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bion]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Connors]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marsh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weaning from mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Respir J [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1033-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dunagan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>335</volume>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>1864-189</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anzueto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frutos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brochard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stewart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characteristics and outcomes in adult patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a 28-day international study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>287</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>345-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coplin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Newell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implications of extubation delay in brain-injured patients meeting standard weaning criteria]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>161</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1530-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frutos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solsona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valverdu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparison of four methods of weaning patients from mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>332</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>345-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vallverdú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subirana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Net]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Benito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mancebo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical characteristics, respiratory functional parameters, and outcome of a two-hour T-piece trial in patients weaning from mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>158</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1855-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thille]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortés-Puch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esteban]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weaning from the ventilator and extubation in ICU]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Curr Opin Crit Care [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>57-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McConville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kress]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Weaning patients from the ventilator]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>367</volume>
<numero>23</numero>
<issue>23</issue>
<page-range>2233-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nuckton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daniel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pittet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eisner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pulmonary dead-space fraction as a risk factor for death in the acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>346</volume>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>1281-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cressoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cadringher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiurazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lung inhomogeneity in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>189</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>149-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[J Raurich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colomar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibáñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayestarán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Bárcena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic value of the pulmonary dead-space fraction during the early and intermediate phases of acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Care [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>282-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[George Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Carmona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monares Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguirre Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factores pronósticos en pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda con base en potencial de reclutamiento alveolar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Asoc Mex Med Crit y Ter Int [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>22-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fauvel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilatory ratio: a simple bedside measure of ventilation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>692-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Calfee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beitler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physiologic analysis and clinical performance of the ventilatory ratio in acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>199</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>333-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hardman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bersten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluation of the physiological properties of ventilatory ratio in a computational cardiopulmonary model and its clinical application in an acute respiratory distress syndrome population]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>96-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vukoja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gajic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acute respiratory distress syndrome: The prognostic value of ventilatory ratio&#8212;A simple bedside tool to monitor ventilatory efficiency]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Respir Crit Care Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>187</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1150-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nunn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilation nomograms during anaesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia [Internet]]]></source>
<year>1960</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<page-range>65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Network; Brower]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schoenfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BT]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>342</volume>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>1301-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fauvel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of ventilatory ratio as a novel method to monitor ventilatory adequacy at the bedside]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>R34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pittet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prognostic value of the pulmonary dead-space fraction during the first 6 days of acute respiratory distress syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Respir Care [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1008-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siddiki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kojicic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yilmaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hubmayr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bedside quantification of dead-space fraction using routine clinical data in patients with acute lung injury: secondary analysis of two prospective trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Crit Care [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>R141</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferguson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ND]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kacmarek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chiche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hallett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Screening of ARDS patients using standardized ventilator settings: influence on enrollment in a clinical trial]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med [Internet]]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1111-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Witts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical trials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br Med J]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>5336</numero>
<issue>5336</issue>
<page-range>1015</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
