<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8909</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina crítica (Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8909</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-89092020000300184</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35366/94898</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Ultrasonido Doppler con contraste para el diagnóstico de cortocircuito de derecha a izquierda: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Contrast Doppler ultrasound for diagnosis of right to left shunt: systematic review and metanalysis]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Ultrassom Doppler de contraste para diagnóstico de curto-circuito da direita para a esquerda: revisão sistemática e metanálise]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Trasviña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerón Díaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ulises Wilfrido]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villagrana Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saúl Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Español de México Unidad de Terapia Intensiva «Alberto Villazón Sahagún» ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Español de México Unidad de Terapia Intensiva «Alberto Villazón Sahagún» ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>184</fpage>
<lpage>193</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-89092020000300184&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-89092020000300184&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-89092020000300184&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen:  Introducción:  La comunicación de derecha a izquierda (CDI) se produce principalmente con lesiones intracardiacas, como el foramen oval permeable (FOP) y, en menor medida, a través de malformaciones arteriovenosas pulmonares (MAVP). Desde el informe inicial de Gramiak y colaboradores, la ecocardiografía con contraste ha sido el método de elección para identificar CDI, siendo el ecocardiograma transesofágico con contraste (ETE-c) actualmente el método diagnóstico ideal para CDI.  Material y métodos:  Se realizó una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de conocer el rendimiento diagnóstico del ultrasonido Doppler contrastado (UD-c) en sus diferentes variantes (transcraneal, vertebral y carotídeo) en comparación con el ETE-c para el diagnóstico de CDI; la revisión se realizó en las bases de datos EBSCO, Elsevier, KoreaMed, Lilacs, PubMed/Medline, OVID/Cochrane Library, Scielo, SCOPUS, Web of Science y EMBASE.  Resultados:  Se obtuvieron 33 publicaciones que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión, aportando 36 estudios con 3,099 participantes (edad promedio de 47.1 años; 53% masculinos). De éstos, sólo se incluía un estudio sobre UD-c vertebral y un estudio sobre UD-c carotídeo, por lo que no se pudo realizar análisis estadístico de estas 2 pruebas diagnósticas. El UD-c Transcraneal fue reportado en 34 estudios, incluyendo 2,964 participantes (edad promedio de 46.8 años; 52% masculinos). Para el conjunto de estudios, se calculó una sensibilidad de 95% (IC 95% de 0.93-0.97) y especificidad de 95% (IC de 95% de 0.89-0.98); se calcularon además likelihood ratio (+) de 8.93 (IC de 95% de 7.17-11.0), un likelihood ratio (-) de 0.08 (IC de 95% de 0.05-0.12) y, al elaborar el nomograma de Bayes, infiriendo una probabilidad pretest de 30% (prevalencia de CDI en la población general), se calculó una probabilidad postest para su respectivo likelihood ratio (+) de 79% (IC 0.75-0.82), y una probabilidad postest para su respectivo likelihood (-) de 3% (IC 0.02-0.05).  Conclusiones:  El UD-c transcraneal es una prueba con un excelente rendimiento diagnóstico al compararse contra el ETE-c, cuenta con la desventaja de no permitir diferenciar el tipo de comunicación (intracardiaca o pulmonar). No existe suficiente evidencia para recomendar el uso de UD-c vertebral o carotídeo para el diagnóstico de CDI; sin embargo, la evidencia actual orienta hacia una superioridad del UD-c transcraneal sobre éstos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract:  Introduction:  Right to left shunt (RLS) occurs mainly with intracardiac lesions such as patent foramen ovale and, to a lesser extent, through pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Since the initial report by Gramiak et al., contrast echocardiography has been the method of choice to identify RLS. Being the Transesophageal Echocardiogram with contrast (TEE-c) currently accepted by many authors as the ideal diagnostic method of RLS.  Material and methods:  A systematic review was carried out, with the objective of knowing the diagnostic performance of the contrast doppler ultrasound (DU-c) in its different variants (transcranial, vertebral and carotid) compared to TEE-c for the diagnosis of RLS; the review was carried out in the EBSCO, Elsevier, KoreaMed, Lilacs, PubMed/Medline, OVID/Cochrane Library, Scielo, SCOPUS, Web of Science and EMBASE databases.  Results:  33 publications were obtained that met the inclusion criteria, providing 36 studies with 3,099 participants (average age 47.1; 53% male). Of these, only 1 study on vertebral UD-c and 1 study on carotid UD-c were included, so it was not possible to perform statistical analysis of these 2 diagnostic tests. Transcranial UD-c was reported in 34 studies, including 2,964 participants (average age 46.8 years, 52% male); for the set of studies, a sensitivity of 95% (95% CI of 0.93-0.97) and specificity of 95% (95% CI of 0.89-0.98) were calculated; likelihood ratio (+) of 8.93 (95% CI of 7.17-11.0), and a Likelihood ratio (-) of 0.08 (95% CI of 0.05-0.12) were also calculated, and when making Bayes&#8217; nomogram, inferring a probability Pre-Test of 30% (prevalence of CDI in general population), a post-test probability is calculated for their respective Likelihood ratio (+) of 79% (CI 0.75-0.82), and a post-test probability for their respective likelihood (-) of 3% (CI 0.02-0.05).  Conclusions:  The transcranial UD-c is a test with an excellent diagnostic performance when compared to ETE-c, it has the disadvantage of not allowing to differentiate the type of communication (intracardiac or pulmonary). There is not enough evidence to recommend the use of vertebral or carotid UD-c for the diagnosis of CDI; however, current evidence points to a superiority of transcranial UD-c over these.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo:  Introdução:  A comunicação da direita para a esquerda (CDE) ocorre principalmente com lesões intracardíacas, como forame oval permeável (FOP) e, em menor grau, por malformações arteriovenosas pulmonares (MAVP). Do relatório inicial de Gramiak et al. A ecocardiografia com contraste tem sido o método de escolha para identificar CDE. Sendo o ecocardiograma transesofágico com contraste (ETE-c) atualmente considerado o método diagnóstico ideal para CDE.  Material e métodos:  Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, a fim de conhecer o desempenho diagnóstico do ultrassom Doppler por contraste (UD-c) em suas diferentes variantes (transcraniana, vertebral e carótida) em comparação ao TEE-c para o diagnóstico de CDE ; a revisão foi realizada nas bases de dados EBSCO, Elsevier, KoreaMed, Lilacs, PubMed/Medline, OVID/Cochrane Library, Scielo, SCOPUS, Web of Science e EMBASE.  Resultados:  Foram obtidas 33 publicações que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão, fornecendo 36 estudos com 3,099 participantes (idade média 47.1; 53% homens). Desses, apenas 1 estudo em UD-c vertebral e 1 em carotídeo UD-c foi incluído, portanto não foi possível realizar análise estatística desses dois testes de diagnóstico. UD-c transcraniana foi relatada em 34 estudos, incluindo 2,964 participantes (idade média de 46.8 anos, 52% do sexo masculino); para o conjunto de estudos cálculos-se uma sensibilidade de 95% (IC95% 0.93-0.97) e especificidade de 95% (IC95% 0.89-0.98); a razão de verossimilhança positiva de 8.93 (IC 95% de 7.17-11.0) e uma razão de verossimilhança negativa de 0.08 (IC 95% de 0.05-0.12) também foram calculadas e, ao elaborar o normograma de Bayes, inferir uma probabilidade Pré-teste de 30% (prevalência de CDE na população em geral), uma probabilidade pós-teste é calculada para sua respectiva razão de verossimilhança positiva de 79% (IC 0.75-0.82) e uma probabilidade pós-teste para suas respectivas probabilidade (-) de 3% (IC 0.02-0.05).  Conclusões:  O UD-c é um teste com excelente desempenho diagnóstico quando comparado ao ETE-c, tem a desvantagem de não permitir diferenciar o tipo de comunicação (intracardíaca ou pulmonar). Não há evidências suficientes para recomendar o uso de UD-c vertebral ou carotídea para o diagnóstico de CDE; no entanto, as evidências atuais apontam para a superioridade da UD-c transcraniana em relação a elas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ultrasonido Doppler contrastado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ecocardiograma transesofágico contrastado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ultrasonido Doppler transcraneal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cortocircuito de derecha a izquierda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Contrasted Doppler ultrasound]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[contrasted transesophageal echocardiogram]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[transcranial Doppler ultrasound]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[right to left shunt]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ultrassom Doppler contrastado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ecocardiograma transesofágico contrastado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ultrassom Doppler transcraniano]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[derivação da direita para a esquerda]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tighe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aurigemma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Right-to-left shunts and saline contrast echocardiography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>138</volume>
<page-range>246-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gramiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kramer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ultrasound cardiography: contrast studies in anatomy and function]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<page-range>939-48</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woods]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramamurthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jackson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Small- and moderate-size right-to-left shunts identified by saline contrast echocardiography are normal and unrelated to migraine headache]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chest]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>138</volume>
<page-range>264-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feinstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Main]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grayburn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Safety of ultrasound contrast agents in patients with known or suspected cardiac shunts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>112</volume>
<page-range>1039-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poommipanit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shalaby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gevorgyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tseng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tobis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sensitivity of transcranial doppler versus intracardiac echocardiography in the detection of right-to-left shunt]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JACC Cardiovasc Imaging]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<page-range>343-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of vertebral artery and middle cerebral artery monitoring for right-to-left shunt detection by contrast-enhanced transcranial Doppler]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Rep]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>24932</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Draganski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blersch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[May]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogdahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of cardiac right-to-left shunts by contrast-enhanced harmonic carotid duplex sonography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ultrasound Med]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>1071-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Topçuoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buonanno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrast M-mode power Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts: utility of submandibular internal carotid artery recording]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neuroimaging]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>315-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whiting]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rutjes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Westwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mallett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deeks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reitsma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>155</volume>
<page-range>529-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belvís]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martí-Fàbregas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cocho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pons-Lladó]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Almost perfect concordance between simultaneous transcranial doppler and transesophageal echocardiography in the quantification of right-to-left shunts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neuroimaging]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<page-range>133-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devuyst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Despland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogousslavsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeanrenaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Complementarity of contrast transcranial Doppler and contrast transesophageal echocardiography for the detection of patent foramen ovale in stroke patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur Neurol]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>21-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Alujas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evangelista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santamarina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubiera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Bosch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez-Palomares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diagnosis and quantification of patent foramen ovale. Which is the reference technique? Simultaneous study with transcranial Doppler, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<page-range>133-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schätzer-Klotz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fröhlig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strittmatter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Femoral injection of echo contrast medium may increase the sensitivity of testing for a patent foramen ovale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>1423-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Droste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lakemeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wichter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stypmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dittrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimizing the technique of contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stroke]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>2211-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Droste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmidt-Rimpler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wichter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dittrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stypmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Right-to-left-shunts detected by transesophageal echocardiography and transcranial Doppler sonography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cerebrovasc]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<page-range>191-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caputi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carriero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Falcone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piotti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Materazzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcranial Doppler and transesophageal echocardiography: comparison of both techniques and prospective clinical relevance of transcranial Doppler in patent foramen ovale detection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>343-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stendel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gramm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schröder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lober]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography as a screening technique for detection of a patent foramen ovale before surgery in the sitting position]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<page-range>971-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maffè]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dellavesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zenone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Paffoni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perucca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transthoracic second harmonic two- and three-dimensional echocardiography for detection of patent foramen ovale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Echocardiogr]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>57-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olszowska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Przew&#322;ocki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Podolec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[St&#281;pniewski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobie&#324;]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography should it be the first choice for persistent foramen ovale screening?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cardiovasc Ultrasound]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>16-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komatsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Terasawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakuta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitsumura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcranial color-coded sonography of vertebral artery for diagnosis of right-to-left shunts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neurol Sci]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>376</volume>
<page-range>97-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimarães]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sousa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azebedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Standardized method for the detection of patent foramen ovale using transcranial colour-coded sonography, and comparison of the results with transesophageal echocardography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sinapse]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<page-range>21-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dattilo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oreto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Bella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iudicello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patent foramen ovale: comparison among diagnostic strategies in cryptogenic stroke and migraine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Echocardiography]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>495-503</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Droste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jekentaite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stypmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grude]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hansberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts: comparison of Echovist(R)-200 and Echovist(R)-300, timing of the Valsalva Maneuver, and general recommendations for the performance of the test]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cerebrovasc Dis]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>235-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Droste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stypmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grude]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemény]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wichter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts: time window and threshold in microbubble numbers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stroke]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<page-range>1640-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Droste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kriete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stypmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castrucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wichter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tietje]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts: comparison of different procedures and different contrast agents]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stroke]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>1827-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mangiafico]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scandura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ussia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Privitera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Capodanno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petralia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transesophageal echocardiography and transcranial color Doppler: independent or complementary diagnostic tests for cardiologists in the detection of patent foramen ovale?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Cardiovasc Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>143-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Müller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hetzel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Optimized transcranial Doppler technique for the diagnosis of cardiac right-to-left shunts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neuroimaging]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>159-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blersch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Draganski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schlachetzki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bogdahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcranial duplex sonography in the detection of patent foramen ovale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Radiology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>225</volume>
<page-range>693-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Droste]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reisener]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kemény]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dittrich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schulte-Altedorneburg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stypmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contrast transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts. Reproducibility, comparison of 2 agents, and distribution of microemboli]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stroke]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>1014-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrarini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malferrari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zucco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaddi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[High prevalence of patent foramen ovale in migraine with aura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Headache Pain]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<page-range>71-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heckmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niedermeier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brandt-Pohlmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hilz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neundörfer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of patent foramen ovale. Transesophageal echocardiography and transcranial Doppler sonography with ultrasound contrast media are &#8220;supplmentary, not competing, diagnostic methods&#8221;]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Klin]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<page-range>367-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weihs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Augustin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duft]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simultaneous bilateral contrast transcranial Doppler monitoring in patients with intracardiac and intrapulmonary shunts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Neurol Sci]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>150</volume>
<page-range>49-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jauss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaps]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Keberle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haberbosch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dorndorf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparison of transesophageal echocardiography and transcranial Doppler sonography with contrast medium for detection of patent foramen ovale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Stroke]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>1265-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Job]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ringelstein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grafen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flachskampf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stockmanns]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of transcranial contrast Doppler sonography and transesophageal contrast echocardiography for the detection of patent foramen ovale in young stroke patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Cardiol]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>381-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karnik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stöllberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valentin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winkler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Slany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of patent foramen ovale by transcranial contrast Doppler ultrasound]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Cardiol]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<page-range>560-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klötzsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janssen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berlit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transesophageal echocardiography and contrast-TCD in the detection of a patent foramen ovale: experiences with 111 patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>1603-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nemec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marwick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lorig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chimowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Litowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of transcranial Doppler ultrasound and transesophageal contrast echocardiography in the detection of interatrial right-to-left shunts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Cardiol]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>1498-502</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nygren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AT]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jogestrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of patent foramen ovale by transcranial Doppler and carotid duplex ultrasonography: a comparison with transoesophageal echocardiography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Physiol]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>327-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orzan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liboni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonzano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molinari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribezzo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rebaudengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Follow-up of residual shunt after patent foramen ovale closure]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Neurol Scand]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>122</volume>
<page-range>257-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sastry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MacNab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCollum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transcranial Doppler detection of venous-to-arterial circulation shunts: criteria for patent foramen ovale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Ultrasound]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<page-range>276-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souteyrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Motreff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lusson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodriguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geoffroy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dauphin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of transthoracic echocardiography using second harmonic imaging, transcranial Doppler and transesophageal echocardiography for the detection of patent foramen ovale in stroke patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Echocardiogr]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>147-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venketasubramanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sacco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Tullio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sherman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Homma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mohr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vascular distribution of paradoxical emboli by transcranial Doppler]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Neurology]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<page-range>1533-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mojadidi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Winoker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goodman-Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gevorgyan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accuracy of transcranial Doppler for the diagnosis of intracardiac right-to-left shunt: a bivariate meta-analysis of prospective studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JACC Cardiovasc Imaging]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>236-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
