<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8909</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina crítica (Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8909</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-89092017000400238</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Retiro de la ventilación mecánica]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Weaning from mechanical ventilation]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Retirada da ventilação mecânica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Guillermo David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerón-Juárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Graciano-Gaytán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leticia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gorordo-Delsol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merinos-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Graciela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañón-González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amezcua-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcos Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cruz-Montesinos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santiago]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garduño-López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jéssica]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima-Lucero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Iván Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya-Rojo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Obeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,IMSS Hospital de Ortopedia «Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez» Unidad de Cuidados Postquirúrgicos de la UMAE]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Juárez de México Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos OPD]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,IMSS Hospital de Traumatología «Dr. Victorio de la Fuente Narváez» Unidad de Reanimación UMAE]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital General de México «Dr. Eduardo Liceaga» Servicio de Urgencias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Juárez de México Medicina Crítica OPD]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>238</fpage>
<lpage>245</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-89092017000400238&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-89092017000400238&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-89092017000400238&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: La mayoría de los pacientes que requieren ventilación &gt; 24 horas y mejoran pueden ser extubados tras la primera prueba de ventilación espontánea. El reto es mejorar la desconexión de los pacientes que fracasan. El retiro de la ventilación mecánica es un elemento esencial en el cuidado de los pacientes críticamente enfermos. Se revisa el proceso de liberar al paciente del soporte mecánico y de la cánula endotraqueal. El tiempo empleado en el proceso de destete representa de 40 a 50% de la duración total de la ventilación. Se recomienda: 1) Prever tres grupos en función de la dificultad y duración del destete, 2) Retiro lo más pronto posible, 3) Utilizar la prueba de ventilación espontánea para determinar si los pacientes pueden ser extubados con éxito, 4) La prueba inicial debe durar 30 minutos en respiración en tubo en T o con bajos niveles de soporte, 5) La presión de soporte y los modos de ventilación AC deben preferirse cuando han fracasado en la primera prueba, 6) Considerar ventilación no invasiva en pacientes seleccionados para acortar la duración de la intubación, pero no debe usarse de forma rutinaria como herramienta para el fracaso de la extubación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: The majority of patients requiring ventilation&gt; 24 hours and improving can be extubated after the first spontaneous ventilation test. The challenge is to improve the disconnection of patients who fail. The withdrawal of mechanical ventilation is an essential element in the care of critically ill patients. The process of releasing the patient from the mechanical support and the endotracheal cannula is reviewed. The time spent in the weaning process represents 40 to 50% of the total duration of ventilation. It is recommended: 1) Predict three groups depending on the difficulty and duration of weaning, 2) Removal as soon as possible, 3) Using the spontaneous ventilation test to determine if patients can be successfully extubated, 4) The initial test Should last 30 minutes in T-tube breathing or with low levels of support, 5) Support pressure and modes of AC ventilation should be preferred when they failed in the first test, 6) Consider non-invasive ventilation in selected patients to shorten The duration of intubation, but should not be routinely used as a tool for the failure of extubation.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: A maioria dos pacientes que necessitam de ventilação &gt; 24 horas e melhoram podem ser extubados depois do primeiro teste de ventilação espontânea. O desafio é melhorar a desconexão dos pacientes que fracassam. A retirada da ventilação mecânica é um elemento essencial no tratamento dos pacientes em estado crítico. Revisamos o processo de retirada do paciente do suporte mecânico e do tubo endotraqueal. O tempo gasto no processo do desmame representa 40 a 50% da duração total da ventilação. Recomenda-se: 1) Prever três grupos, dependendo da dificuldade e duração do desmame, 2) remoção o mais rápido possível, 3) Utilização do teste de ventilação espontânea para determinar se os pacientes podem ser extubadas com êxito, 4) O teste inicial deve durar 30 minutos com respiração em tubo T ou com baixos níveis de suporte, 5) A pressão de suporte e os modos de ventilação AC deve ser eleitos quando existe uma falha no primeiro teste, 6) Considerar a ventilação não invasiva em pacientes selecionados para diminuir a duração da intubação, mas não deve ser usado rotineiramente como uma ferramenta para falha na extubação.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Respiración artificial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[destete de ventilador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cuidados intensivos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Artificial respiration]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ventilator weaning]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[critical care]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Respiração artificial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desmame ventilatório]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cuidados intensivos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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