<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8909</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Medicina crítica (Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica)]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.)]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8909</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Colegio Mexicano de Medicina Crítica A.C.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-89092017000400183</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El uso de la presión positiva espiratoria final (PPEF) en el manejo de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The use of final positive expiratory pressure (FPEP) in the management of acute respiratory failure]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O uso da pressão positiva expiratória final (PEEP) no tratamento da insuficiência respiratória aguda]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sandoval Zárate]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Julio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jesús]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shapiro R]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital ABC Departamento de Terapia Intensiva ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>183</fpage>
<lpage>189</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-89092017000400183&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-89092017000400183&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-89092017000400183&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Se analiza el efecto de la presión positiva espiratoria final (PPEF) en un grupo de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda (IRA) de muy diversa etiología. Del mismo modo se analiza la evolución y otros aspectos del manejo ventilatorio de estos casos. La sola administración de la PPEF modificó en forma significativa y favorable varios de los parámetros respiratorios evaluados: aumento de la PaO2, disminución del índice FiO2/PaO2, disminución del Qs/Qt y del gradiente A-aDO2. No hubo alteración hemodinámica manifiesta a través de los parámetros clínicos: presión arterial, frecuencia cardiaca y diuresis, tampoco hubo alteraciones significativas del gradiente a-vDO2. Complicaciones atribuidas a la PPEF del tipo del «barotrauma» fueron encontrados en el 10.4% de los casos. El curso de la IRA fue hacia la mejoría en la mayoría de los pacientes al final de la evolución. La elevada tasa de mortalidad en este grupo de pacientes es atribuida a la presencia de sepsis no controlable y a la coexistencia de múltiples fallas orgánicas. En ninguno de los casos fue atribuida a hipoxemia aguda refractaria. La PPEF, una de las variedades de presión positiva continua, manejada en el concepto de «PPEF óptima», representa uno de los avances terapéuticos más importantes de la última década en el manejo de los pacientes con IRA.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract: A group of 19 patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) of diverse etiology received as a part of their treatment positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). All of them were evaluated clinicaly and with several respiratory parameters. The response to treatment, complications and mortality rates are analyzed. The addition of PEEP in the management of this patients was accompanied by a significant increase of the PAO2 (p &lt; 0.001) and a simultaneous decrease in the following parameters: FiO2/PaO2 index, Alveolo-arterial oxygen gradient (A-aDO2) and the pulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt). No hemodynamic deterioration was observed. None of the clinical parameters such as: blood pressure, heart rate and diuresis was significantly modified; neither a significant change in the arterious-venous oxygen gradient (a-vDO2) was detected. Pneumothorax as a complication of the use of PEEP was present in the 10.4% of the patients. The course of the ARF was toward the improvement in most of them at the end of the evolution. The high mortality rate in this study was considered to be secondary to uncontrolable sepsis and also to the presence of multiple organ failure. In none of the cases the poor outcome was secondary to refractory acute hypoxemia. PEEP which is one of the varieties of continuos positive pressure ventilation (CPPV) represents one of the most importants therapeutic advances in the last decade in the management of patients with acute respiratory failure.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Résumé: On analyse l&#8217;effet de la pression positive expiratoire finale (PPEF) dans un groupe de patients avec Insuf-misance respiratoire aiguë (IRA) d&#8217;une très diverse étiologie. De la même façon on analyse l&#8217;évolution et d&#8217;autres aspects du maniement ventriculaire de ces cas. La seule administration de la PPEF a modifié dans une forme significative et favorable plusieurs des paramètres respiratoires évalués: augmentation de la PaO2, diminution de I&#8217;ndice FiO2/PaO2, diminution du Qs/Qt et du gradient A-aDD2. Il n&#8217;y a pas eu d&#8217;altération hémodynamique manifeste à travers les paramètres cliniques: pression artérielle, fréquence cardiaque et diurèse, il n&#8217;y a pas eu non plus des altérations significatives du gradient a-vDO2. Des complications attribuées à la PPEF du type du «barotraume» ont été trouvées dans le 10.4% des cas. Le cours de l&#8217;IRA a tendu vers l&#8217;amélioration chez la plupart des patients à la fin de l&#8217;évolution. Le taux élevé de mortalité dans ce groupe de patients est attribué à la présense de sepsis non contrôlable et à la coexitance de multiples défauts organiques. Dans aucun des cas il a été attribué à hypoxémia aiguë réfractaire. La PPEF, une des variétés de pression positive continue, maniée dans le concept de «PPEF très bonne», représente l&#8217;un des avancements thérapeutiques les plus importants des dix dernières années dans le maniement des patients avec IRA.]]></p></abstract>
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