<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8402</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ensayos. Revista de economía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ens. Rev. econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8402</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, a través de la Facultad de Economía con la colaboración del Centro de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-84022016000200195</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Disadvantaged? Informal Female Entrepreneurs Operating &#8220;Tienditas&#8221; in Nicaragua]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[¿Desaventajadas? Mujeres empresarias informales operando tienditas en Nicaragua]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pisani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Central Michigan University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Michigan ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>195</fpage>
<lpage>223</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-84022016000200195&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-84022016000200195&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-84022016000200195&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract I explore the business and (household) income outcomes of base of the pyramid (BoP) in-home convenience store entrepreneurs through a census-like business survey in Nicaragua. Throughout Latin America and in Nicaragua, tienditas are typically operated by female entrepreneurs in an informal regulatory environment out of the home and at the periphery of developing economies. Some authors have characterized this sector as disadvantaged because of its inherent reliance on female ownership, on a home-based location, and on operating within an informal context (Nichter and Goldmark, 2009). Others have argued that such enterprises may serve as a link toward poverty reduction at the BoP (Pisani and Yoskowitz, 2012). Utilizing a 2012 cross-sectional and nationally representative business focused survey, 400 Nicaraguan tenderas are examined. Findings indicate heterogeneity exists across the tiendita retail sector; where failing, ailing, stable and healthy tienditas are segmented, analyzed, and discussed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En este trabajo, se estudia el negocio y los ingresos (del hogar) en la base de la pirámide (BoP, por sus siglas en inglés) de tiendas de conveniencia ubicadas dentro del hogar en Nicaragua, a través de una encuesta empresarial tipo censo. En toda América Latina y en Nicaragua, las tienditas son típicamente operadas por mujeres microempresarias en un entorno informal y en la periferia de las economías en desarrollo. Algunos autores han caracterizado a este sector como en desventaja debido a su dependencia inherente a la propiedad femenina, su ubicación dentro del hogar, y a su operación informal (Nichter y Goldmark, 2009). Otros han argumentado que tales empresas pueden servir para reducir la pobreza en la BoP (Pisani y Yoskowitz, 2012). Utilizando una encuesta del 2012 de corte transversal y representativa en el nivel nacional, se examinan 400 tenderas nicaragüenses. Los resultados indican que existe heterogeneidad en el sector minorista de las tienditas; las cuales se clasifican como saludables, estables, enfermas y fracasadas, para su análisis y discusión.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Informality]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Female Entrepreneurship]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tienditas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nicaragua]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Informalidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Microempresarias]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tienditas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nicaragua]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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