<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-8402</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ensayos. Revista de economía]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ens. Rev. econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-8402</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, a través de la Facultad de Economía con la colaboración del Centro de Investigaciones Económicas]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-84022016000100059</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Una red económica norteamericana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aroche Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fidel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquez Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Antonio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ México, D. F.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Facultad de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ México, D. F.]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>05</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>59</fpage>
<lpage>90</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-84022016000100059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-84022016000100059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-84022016000100059&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las estructuras económicas pueden entenderse como redes de ramas, vinculadas entre sí mediante el intercambio de bienes producidos. El modelo de Insumo-Producto analiza la interdependencia sectorial en tales estructuras. En este trabajo, identificamos una red económica en una tabla IP trilateral norteamericana. Utilizamos una medida de densidad como indicador de la integración regional. Nuestros resultados muestran que la economía de los Estados Unidos determina el perfil de la estructura de Norteamérica. Canadá y México mantienen escasas relaciones directas y su pertenencia a la región ayuda a entender sus economías.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract An economic structure can be understood as a network of industries related by the exchange of produced goods. The Input-Output model analyses sectoral interdependence in such structures. In this paper we identify a North American network in a trilateral IO table. We use a density measure as an indicator of the degree of integration. Results show that the US economy determines the profile of the North American structure. Canada and Mexico maintain scarce direct relationships and their regional integration determine their economic structures.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Modelo de Insumo-Producto]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Teoría de gráficas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Redes económicas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América del Norte]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Input -output model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Graph Theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Networks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[North America]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Important Coefficients and Structural Change: A Multi-layer Approach]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aroche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Systems Research]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>235-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La integración económica, la apertura externa y el desarrollo económico reciente de México]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aroche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nueva Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>186</volume>
<page-range>158-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aroche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Un estudio de la productividad y de la evolución económica de América del norte, de los años 1990 a los 2000. Una perspectiva estructural]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Mimeo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una matriz de insumo-producto para América del Norte]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aroche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frías]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Realidad, Datos y Espacio. Revista Internacional]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>70-89</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aroche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La integración económica de Canadá y México]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of Graph Theoretic Analysis to Interindustry Relationships, The example of Washington State]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campbell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Regional Science and Urban Economics]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>91-106</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Structural Change in the American Economy]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, Mass. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Identification of Industrial Clusters and Complexes: A Comparison Methods and Findings]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Czamanski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ablas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Urban Studies]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>61 - 80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuevas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Impacto de la Crisis Financiera Estadounidense sobre Canadá y México. Un Estudio Comparativo]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Miguel Ángel Porrúa]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Curzio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La competitividad en América del Norte y el modelo de integración]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[México, D.F. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Centro de Investigaciones Sobre América del Norte (CISAN)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Une approche structurale pour l&#8217;analyse Input - Output: un premier bilan]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Defourny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jacques]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economie appliquée]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>203 - 230</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A Note on Qualitative Input-Output Analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Mesnard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Systems Research]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>439-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Mesnard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On Boolean Topological Methods of Structural Analysis]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lahr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dietzenbacher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Input-Output Analysis: Frontiers and Extensions]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<page-range>268-79</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Palgrave]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forsell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experiences of Studying Changes in Input- Output Coefficients in Finland]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smyshliav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Forth IIASA Task Force Meeting on the I - O Model. IIASA collaborative proceedings series]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vienna ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Technical Information Service, distributor]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Análisis estructural de la economía de Baja California: un enfoque de redes sociales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brugués]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Región y Sociedad]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>57</numero>
<issue>57</issue>
<page-range>27-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las redes sociales como herramienta de análisis estructural input-output]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista hispana para el análisis de las redes sociales]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>1-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gould]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Graph Theory]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[The Benjamin]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harary]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Graph Theory]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Reading, Mass ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Addison - Wesley]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Qualitative Input - Ouput Analisys and Structural Information]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schnabl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Modelling]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>173 -195</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huriot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Dependence et Hiérarchie dans une Structure Interindustrielle]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Paris ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sirey]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>INEGI</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Matriz de Insumo-Producto Año 1980]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Interregional and regional input-output analysis: A model of a space economy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Review of Economics and Statistics]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<page-range>318-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leontief]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Structure of American Economy, 1919-1939: An Empirical Application of Equilibrium Analysis]]></source>
<year>1951</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Oxford ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Efectos de derrame y de retroalimentación industrial en América del Norte: un enfoque nacional e internacional]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ensayos Revista de Economía]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schinkte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stänglin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Important Input Coefficients in the Market Transactions Tables and Production Flow Tables]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciaschini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Input - Output Analysis: Current Developments]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Chapman and Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Subsystem-MFA: A Qualitative Method for Analyzing National Innovation Systems-The Case of Germany]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schnabl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Systems Research]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>383-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Semitiel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Social Capital, Networks and Economic Development: An Analysis of Regional Productive Systems]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cheltenham ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Edward Elgar Publishing]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skolka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Important Input Coefficients in Austria Input - Output Tables for 1964 and 1976]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smyshliav]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Forth IIASA Task force Meeting On The I - O Model]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Vienna ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Technical Information Service, distributor]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
