<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2448-718X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[El trimestre econ]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2448-718X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Fondo de Cultura Económica]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2448-718X2025000100237</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20430/ete.v92i365.2699</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La economía política de la industrialización a través de la sustitución de importaciones en América Latina]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The political economy of import-substituting industrialization in Latin America]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hirschman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Albert O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,aff1  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>365</numero>
<fpage>237</fpage>
<lpage>275</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2448-718X2025000100237&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2448-718X2025000100237&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2448-718X2025000100237&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este ensayo busca describir las características y los casos diversos de la industrialización por sustitución de importaciones (ISI) con el propósito de conocer las consecuencias sociopolíticas que afectan el proceso. Se enfoca en el contexto latinoamericano de industrialización tardía y aborda las dificultades que este proceso puede tener. Se conforma de las siguientes secciones: Introducción. El desengaño de la industrialización en América Latina; I. Cuatro impulsos de la industrialización a través de la sustitución de importaciones; II. Características de la fase inicial de la ISI; III. La aseveración sobre el agotamiento de la ISI; IV. Los determinantes económicos, políticos y tecnológicos del proceso de efecto hacia atrás; V. La incapacidad de exportar manufacturas: causas y remedios &#8220;estructurales&#8221;; Conclusión.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper seeks to describe the characteristics and diverse cases of import-substituting industrialization (ISI) to understand the socio-political consequences that affect the process. It focuses on the Latin American context of late industrialization and addresses the difficulties that this process may have. It is made up of the following sections: Introduction: Disenchantment with industrialization in Latin America; I. Four impulses of import-substituting industrialization; II. Characteristics of the initial phase of ISI; III. The alleged exhaustion of ISI; IV. Economic, political and technological determinants of backward linkage; V. The inability to export manufactures: &#8220;Structural&#8221; causes and remedies; Conclusion.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Import-substituting industrialization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[backward linkages]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[manufacture imports]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[industrialización por sustitución de importaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[encadenamientos hacia atrás]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[importación de manufacturas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<source><![CDATA[Revista Latinoamericana de Sociología]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>53-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
